‎there is a flatness property of acts over monoids called condition $(pwp)$ which‎, ‎so far‎, ‎has received‎ ‎much attention‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we introduce condition gp-$(p)$‎, ‎which is a generalization of condition $(pwp)$‎. ‎firstly‎, ‎some  characterizations of monoids by condition gp-$(p)$ of their‎ ‎(cyclic‎, ‎rees factor) acts are given‎, ‎and many known results are generalized‎. ‎more...

‎There is a flatness property of acts over monoids called Condition $(PWP)$ which‎, ‎so far‎, ‎has received‎ ‎much attention‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce Condition GP-$(P)$‎, ‎which is a generalization of Condition $(PWP)$‎. ‎Firstly‎, ‎some  characterizations of monoids by Condition GP-$(P)$ of their‎ ‎(cyclic‎, ‎Rees factor) acts are given‎, ‎and many known results are generalized‎. ‎More...

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a drug efflux transporter, affects the pharmacokinetics of a wide range of substrate drugs. Our previous study clearly revealed that intestinal P-gp expression levels were decreased via an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-mediated mechanism in the early phases of diabetes. Here, we focused on changes in ileal P-gp expression and the influences of NOS on the P-gp exp...

We investigated the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in brain samples of Alzheimer disease (AD) and normative brains (NM). Superior temporal cortex hippocampal and brainstem samples from 15 AD and NM brains were selected from comparable sites. P-gp positive capillaries and β-amyloid (Aβ) senile plaques (SP) were counted. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using nonparametric data...

Alteration of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression influences the pharmacokinetics of P-gp substrates after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Fasting before intestinal I/R affects intestinal I/R injury. However, the effect of fasting on the alteration of P-gp expression after intestinal I/R has not been clarified. We previously reported that P-gp expression was altered after intestinal I/R fol...

BACKGROUND Little is known about general and family practitioners' (GP/FPs') involvement and confidence in dealing with children with common psychosocial problems and mental health conditions. The aims of this study were to ascertain GP/FPs' preferred level of involvement with, and perceived comfort and skill in dealing with children with behavioral problems, social-emotional difficulties, atte...

Furanocoumarin derivatives, known as components of grapefruit juice, showing inhibitory effects against P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the intestine are also contained in the plants of rutaceae and umbelliferae families, which are used as components of Kampo extract medicines. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of byakangelicol and rivulobirin A, known as furanocoumarins showing P-...

Dabigatran etexilate, a double prodrug of dabigatran, is a reversible, competitive, direct thrombin inhibitor that has been approved for use in many countries. A recent guideline from the European Medicines Agency on drug-drug interactions proposed dabigatran etexilate as a sensitive in vivo and in vitro probe substrate for intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. We therefore performed a s...