UNLABELLED Despite wide application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of melanoma skin cancers, there are strong biomedical unmet needs for the effective generation of singlet oxygen after targeted delivery of photosensitizers. Here, we investigated a facile PDT of melanoma skin cancer using transdermal carbon dot - chlorine e6 - hyaluronate (Cdot-Ce6-HA) conjugates. The Cdot-Ce6-...

Carbon dot (Cdot) nanoparticles are an emerging class of carbon nanomaterials with a promising potential for drug delivery and bio imaging applications. Although the interaction between Cdots and non-immune cell types has been well studied, Cdot interactions with macrophages have not been investigated. Exposure of Cdot nanoparticles to J774.1 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, resulted in mi...

A study was conducted to examine the time required to process lateral motion and motion-in-depth for luminance- and disparity-defined stimuli. In a 2 × 2 design, visual stimuli oscillated sinusoidally in either 2D (moving left to right at a constant disparity of 9 arcmin) or 3D (looming and receding in depth between 6 and 12 arcmin) and were defined either purely by disparity (change of dispari...

Fluorescent nanosized carbon dots (Cdots) are an emerging bioimaging agent with excellent chemical inertness and marginal cytotoxicity in comparison to widely used semiconductor quantum dots. In this work, we report the application of Cdots for real time bioimaging of target specific delivery of hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) diamine-capped Cdots were synthesized by...

OBJECTIVE To examine the acceptability and feasibility of mobile health (mHealth)/short message service (SMS) and community-based directly observed antiretroviral therapy (cDOT) as interventions to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence for preventing mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission (PMTCT). DESIGN AND METHODS A mixed-method approach was used. Two quali...

INTRODUCTION Emergency medicine (EM) milestones are used to assess residents' progress. While some milestone validity evidence exists, there is a lack of standardized tools available to reliably assess residents. Inherent to this is a concern that we may not be truly measuring what we intend to assess. The purpose of this study was to design a direct observation milestone assessment instrument ...

BACKGROUND Oral miltefosine has been shown to be non-inferior to first-line, injectable meglumine antimoniate (MA) for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in children. Miltefosine may be administered via in-home caregiver Directly Observed Therapy (cDOT), while patients must travel to clinics to receive MA. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing miltefosine by cDOT versu...

Suppose $c_1,\ldots,c_{n+k}$ are real numbers, $\{a_1,\ldots,a_{n+k}\}\!\subset\!\mathbb{R}^n$ is a set of points not all lying in the same affine hyperplane, $y\!\in\!\mathbb{R}^n$, $a_j\cdot y$ denotes the standard real inner product of $a_j$ and $y$, and we set $g(y)\!:=\!\sum^{n+k}_{j=1} c_j e^{a_j\cdot y}$. We prove that, for generic $c_j$, the number of connected components of the real ze...