khwāja naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī is one of the greatest thinkers of the middle centuries (ah), who enjoys a high status in science and literature and has a worldwide reputation. naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī did not suffice himself merely with science (‘ilm) and thought and was involved in practical politics, too. the last two decades of khwāja naṣīr’s life in ilkhanids courts was his period of scientific and prac...

The advent of evolutionary medicine in the last two decades has provided new insights into the causes of human disease and possible preventative strategies. One of the strengths of evolutionary medicine is that it follows a multi-disciplinary approach. Such an approach is vital to future biomedicine as it enables for the infiltration of new ideas. Although evolutionary medicine uses Darwinian e...

the elements of euclid, sometimes knows as the “the book of euclid”, and in the mathematical texts of the islamic period often referred to as “the book of the elements”, is one of the main sources of islamic mathematics. this paper addresses the history of the translation of this book and its recension by naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī. then, through a comparison of the first chapter of the fourth part of q...

menelaus’ sphaerica can be considered as the most important classical text in the tradition of spherics books, written with the aim of the solution of problems arising in spherical astonomy. euclid’s elements is the the most important book on plane geometry. this article aims at a comparative study of menelaus’s sphaerica and euclid’s elements, to show that book i of sphaerica is an attempt to ...

quṭb al-dīn al-shīrāzī (634h/1236ce-710h/1311ce) wrote four major works on astronomy: nihāyat al‐idrāk fī dirāyat al‐aflāk (“the utmost attainment in comprehending the orbs), in arabic, first edition completed mid-shaʿbān 680/november 1281); the ikhtiyārāt‐i muẓaffarī (“selections for muẓaffar al-dīn arslan” [a minor ruler in qasṭamūnī (modern kastamonu, turkey)], in persian, completed sometime...

with the ‘uthmānī muṣḥaf (copy of the qur’ān) having been inscribed and formalized, and upon the necessitation of reciting the qur’ān according to its orthography, the other muṣḥafs, including the muṣḥaf of ubayy b. ka‘b, gradually lost their competence. nevertheless, the ‘uthmānī muṣḥaf found its own qārīs (reciters) and qarā‘as and abū bakr b, mujāhid presented the qarā‘a of his own selection...