background :some results exist on fetuin-a as marker for vascular disease in type 2diabetes. we examined the relationship between serum fetuin-a with some factors, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm).   methods : from october 2012 to june 2013, a total of 131 t2dm patients were recruited and evaluated for various parameters including homa-ir, apo-a1, apo-b100, body fat percentage a...

To elucidate the role of A1, a new member of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators active in hematopoietic cell apoptosis, we established mice lacking A1-a, a subtype of the A1 gene in mice (A1-a-/- mice). Spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral blood neutrophils of A1-a-/- mice was enhanced compared with that of either wild-type mice or heterozygous mutants (A1-a+/- mice). Neutrophil apoptosis ...

Urea has a critical role in urinary concentration. Mice lacking the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) urea transporter A1 (UT-A1) and urea transporter A3 (UT-A3) have very low levels of urea permeability and are unable to concentrate urine. To investigate the role of UT-A1 in the concentration of urine, we transgenically expressed UT-A1 in knockout mice lacking UT-A1 and UT-A3 using a cons...

Background:Spermatogenesis is maintained by a pool of the spermatogonia. The group formed by As, Apr and Aal is known as undifferentiated type a spermatogonia (Aund). The Aal spermatogonia will differentiate, with no mitotic division, to the differentiating type A1 spermatogonia. The type A1 spermatogonia undergo 6 successive mitotic divisions to yield A2, A3, A4, intermediate-type (In), and ty...

Vasopressin is the primary hormone regulating urine-concentrating ability. Vasopressin phosphorylates the UT-A1 urea transporter in rat inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCDs). To assess the effect of UT-A1 phosphorylation at S486, we developed a phospho-specific antibody to S486-UT-A1 using an 11 amino acid peptide antigen starting from amino acid 482 that bracketed S486 in roughly the center...

The adhesion of platelets to the subendothelium of blood vessels at sites of vascular injury under high shear conditions is mediated by a direct interaction between the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ibalpha (GpIbalpha) and the A1 domain of the von Willebrand factor (VWF). Here we report the 2.6-A crystal structure of a complex comprised of the extracellular domain of GpIbalpha and the wild-typ...