The phase diagrams of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers with chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) are investigated by first-principles calculations. Both PVDF and dilute P(VDF-CTFE) prefer nonpolar structures at zero field, but transform to a polar phase below the breakdown field. The critical field decreases with increasing CTFE content, facilitating the transformation. In disordered...

Abstract Polymers have enormous potential in the optoelectronic and biomedical fields due to flexibility, biocompatibility, ease of fabrication. Recent developments use terahertz (THz) waves for security applications demand information on optical properties polymers polymer composites this region. In present work, transmission, refractive index ( n ), extinction coefficient k ) PVDF-TrFE (75/25...

The fully plastic ionic polymer actuators based on Poly (vinylidenefluoridetrifluoroethylenechlorotrifluoroethylene) PVDF-CTFE polymer were investigated. The actuator consists of a high conductive electrolyte layer containing EMI-TF ionic liquid sandwiched between two CNT/polymer electrodes. To reduce the modulus of the CNT electrodes and hence enhance the actuation performance of the actuator,...

An environmentally friendly and controllable P(VDF-co-CTFE) hydrogenation route involving the transition-metal complex mediated radical chain transfer reaction is successfully developed to synthesize P(VDF-co-CTFE-co-TrFE). The typical transition metal catalysts of ATRP reaction could be applied in this process.

While the role of fluorine on mass transport in polymers has been subject extensive research efforts, less attention paid to played by other halogens, such as chlorine. These efforts favored synthesis a plethora perfluoropolymers which, although exhibiting enhanced physical aging resistance relative conventional hydrocarbon-based polymers, suffer from swelling and plasticization presence hydroc...

Halocarbon 27-S (HC 27-S), a polymer of chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), is used as a lubricating oil for pumps in hyperbaric chambers. Although monomeric CTFE has been shown to produce renal lesions in rats, the toxicity of CTFE polymers have not been investigated. To assess the toxicity of repeated exposure to HC 27-S, three groups (N = 6/group) of male and female Fischer-344 rats were dosed w...

Depending on their CTFE content (from 0 to 10 mol %), poly(VDF-ter-TrFE-ter-CTFE), poly(vinylidene fluoride-ter-trifluoroethylene-ter-chlorotrifluoroethylene) copolymers, exhibit ferroelectric (FE) or relaxor (RFE) properties at room temperature. Solvent cast films of these terpolymers can crystallize in three orthorhombic phases: FE, DFE (Defective Ferroelectric) RFE according amount CTFE. The...

In this review of the published literature on the toxicology of fluoroalkenes several features emerge and research needs are evident. The fluoroalkenes vary widely in acute inhalation toxicity. Those, such as perfluoroisobutylene, PFIB, the most highly toxic member, attacks the pulmonary epithelium of rats eventuating in edema and death after a delay of about one day. Other fluoroalkenes, such ...