کلید واژه های هژمونی و ضد را نخستین بار آنتونیو گرامشی مطرح نمود تا نحوه ی کارکرد اعمال قدرت نرم توسط سیستم حاکم تشریح کند. در تعریف گرامشی، به گفتمان هایی اطلاق می شود که آنها ارزش گنجانده شده شکل خواستار کسب رضایت آحاد جامعه است. مقابل، معنای متضادی است مقابل هژمونیک ایستد آرمان افراد خارج از دایره بیان رمان خم رودخانه اثر نایپال درحالیکه بازتاب غالب دوران استعمار پسااستعمار پردازد، همزمان طر...

Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) as the basic infrastructure can facilitate applications and services of connected vehicles (CVs). Cognitive radio (CR) technology is an effective supplement and enhancement for VANETs. It can reduce the impact of deficiency of spectrum resource in VANETs. Although CR-VANETs can utilize the unused licensed spectrum effectively, the distributed nature of CR-VANE...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are the most prominent enabling network technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS).VANETs provides many new exciting applications and opportunities albeit transportation safety and facilitation applications are their core drivers. Security of vehicular networks remains the most significant concern in VANETs deployment – because it is mandatory to a...

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) is a novel technology that has recently emerged and due to its swift changing topology and high mobility nature, it has become problematic to design an efficient routing protocol in VANETs’ amongst both moving and stationary units. Also, the existing routing algorithms are not very effective to satisfy all requirements of VANETs. This paper explores the need o...

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are the most prominent enabling network technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems. VANETs provide many new exciting applications and opportunities albeit transportation safety and facilitation applications are their core drivers. Security of vehicular networks remains the most significant concern in VANETs deployment – if we are to assure public and tr...