In Synechocystis 6803 the psbA gene, encoding the Dl polypeptide of the Photosystem II reaction center, belongs to a multigene family with three copies (1). The nucleotide sequence of psbA-1 has been reported (2). We have cloned and seguenced a seconcl psbA gene, psbA-2. front Svnechocvstis 6803. The second copy of psbA i s contained within a 2.1 Kb genomic Hind III fragment. The psbA-2 open re...

Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 is a slow-growing cyanobacterium which lacks thylakoid membranes, but whose five-membered psbA gene family encodes three isoform variants of the PsbA (D1) reaction center protein of Photosystem II. Under standard culture conditions Gloeobacter exhibits photosystem II electron transport, but several clear modifications in the redox potential of key cofactors bound ...

BACKGROUND The trnH-psbA intergenic spacer region has been used in many DNA barcoding studies. However, a comprehensive evaluation with rigorous sequence preprocessing and statistical testing on the utility of trnH-psbA and its combinations as DNA barcodes is lacking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sequences were searched from GenBank for a meta-analysis on the usefulness of trnH-psbA and its...

The psbA gene of photosystem II was cloned and characterized from the P. ginseng chloroplast. The psbA gene is composed of 1,062 nucleotides. The overall amino acid sequence shows 99% and 98% identities to dicots and monocots of higher plants, respectively. Southern blot analysis revealed that a single copy of the psbA gene existed in the chloroplast genome. Northern blot analysis of the in viv...

Etioplasts of 4.5-day-old dark-grown barley synthesize and accumulate most of the membrane and nearly all the soluble polypeptides of mature chloroplasts of light-grown seedlings. Etioplasts do not synthesize a limited set of chloroplast-encoded polypeptides which are major constituents of chloroplast thylakoid membranes: two chlorophyll apoproteins of photosystem I (68 and 65 kDa), two chlorop...

The psbA gene of the flowering plant chloroplast genome has a pattern of codon bias that differs from all other angiosperm chloroplast genes. In psbA, unlike all other chloroplast genes, the third-codon-position composition does not reflect the general genome compositional bias of a high A+T content. Instead, in specific synonymous groups, the codon use of psbA more closely corresponds to the t...

The plastid psbA promoter of tobacco was used with the aim to construct plastid specific marker genes. Upon transfer to the tobacco nuclear genome the plastid promoter fragment appeared to specify a messenger RNA. Placed 5' to the bar or nptII coding sequences the level of expression is sufficient to obtain a selectable phenotype. The transcription start site in the nucleus is site specific and...

BACKGROUND The morphological identification of different Hippophae species (Shaji) was difficult. This study aims to discriminate between medicinal and non-medicinal Hippophae species by DNA barcodes, the ITS2, psbA-trnH, and a combination of ITS2 and psbA-trnH (ITS2 + psbA-trnH). METHODS DNA was extracted from the dried fruit samples. Primer pairs ITS2F/3R for ITS2 and psbAF/trnHR for psbA-t...

Translational regulation is a key modulator of gene expression in chloroplasts of higher plants and algae. Genetic analysis has shown that translation of chloroplast mRNAs requires nuclear-encoded factors that interact with chloroplastic mRNAs in a message-specific manner. Using site-specific mutations of the chloroplastic psbA mRNA, we show that RNA elements contained within the 5' untranslate...