Glyphosate has been used globally as a safe herbicide for weed control. It inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase (AroA), which is a key enzyme in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway in microorganisms and plants. A Pseudomonas putida strain, 4G-1, was isolated from a soil heavily contaminated by glyphosate in China. Its AroA-encoding gene (aroA) has been cloned, se...

A key enzyme in the shikimate pathway, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) is the primary target of the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate. Identification of new aroA genes coding for EPSPS with a high level of glyphosate tolerance is essential for the development of glyphosate-tolerant crops. In the present study, the glyphosate tolerance of five bacterial aroA genes was evalu...

Enzymes performing the initial reaction of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthases, exist as two distinct homology classes. The three classic Escherichia coli paralogs are AroA(I) proteins, but many members of the Bacteria possess the AroA(II) class of enzyme, sometimes in combination with AroA(I) proteins. AroA(II) DAHP synthases un...

The aroA gene of Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4 was cloned. Sequence analysis and the phenotype of directed plasmid insertions 5' to aroA suggest that aroA is located in an operon and that it maps 3' to the aroC and aroB genes. A revised consensus sequence for the aroA gene product EPSP synthase binding site for its substrate (phosphoenolpyruvate) and an inhibitor (glyphosate) is proposed. An aro...

A DNA fragment encoding a kanamycin resistance determinant was used to insertionally inactivate the cloned aroA gene of Bordetella pertussis in Escherichia coli K-12, and a conjugative shuttle vector system based on the suicide vector pRTP1 was used to deliver the mutations from E. coli back into B. pertussis CN2992FS and BP1. The aroA mutation was introduced by allelic exchange into the chromo...

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a fatal systemic disease of cattle and buffaloes. In South Asia HS is caused by infection with Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. Some control is achieved with alum-precipitated or oil-adjuvanted killed whole-cell vaccines injected subcutaneously, but these vaccines provide only short-term immunity and require annual administration for effective use. Live attenua...

Although a large number of AroA enzymes (EPSPS: 5-enopyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) have been identified, cloned, and tested for glyphosate resistance, only two AroA variants, derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 and Zea mays, have been utilized to produce the commercial glyphosate-resistant crops. Here, we have used a PCR-based twostep DNA synthesis method to synthesize an...

Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is a fatal systemic disease of cattle and buffaloes. Some control isachieved with administration of alum-precipitated or oil-adjuvanted killed whole-cell vaccines injectedsubcutaneously. These vaccines, however, provide only short-term immunity and for effective use, theyshould be administered annually. We constructed an aroA attenuated derivative of a Pasteurella ...