The Yersinia pestis adhesin Ail mediates host cell binding and facilitates delivery of cytotoxic Yop proteins. Ail from Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis is identical except for one or two amino acids at positions 43 and 126 depending on the Y. pseudotuberculosis strain. Ail from Y. pseudotuberculosis strain YPIII has been reported to lack host cell binding ability, thus we sought to determin...

Angioimmunoblastic Lymphadenopathy (AIL) is an uncommon disorder which begins  with constitutional symptoms. The majority of the patients .has generalized l?7111ph­ adenopathy, , hepatosplenomegaly and about 40% show cutaneous manifestations such as maculopapular eruption, purpura, urticaria or erythroderma. Histhopatho­Iogy of lymphnodes has a characteristic picture. The etiology of AIL is unk...

Previous investigations characterizing the mechanism(s) of complement resistance in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis showed that the outer membrane protein Ail can functionally recruit the regulator of the classical and lectin pathways of complement, C4b-binding protein. In this study, we extend these observations and show that Ail can also recruit the regulator of the alternative pathway (AP), fact...

The novel online-offline blended teaching mode is a good way to train students’ comprehensive ability. Asynchronous Interactive Learning (AIL) emphasizes dominant role in learning activities, which fully meets the requirements of teaching. However, low effectiveness problem with current AIL, so this paper aims study implementation AIL environment and evaluate its effectiveness. At first, built ...

BACKGROUND Advanced intercross lines (AIL) are segregating populations created using a multi-generation breeding protocol for fine mapping complex trait loci (QTL) in mice and other organisms. Applying QTL mapping methods for intercross and backcross populations, often followed by naïve permutation of individuals and phenotypes, does not account for the effect of AIL family structure in which f...