Preventing obesity requires a precise balance between deposition into and mobilization from fat stores, but regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Drosophila Split ends (Spen) is the founding member of a conserved family of RNA-binding proteins involved in transcriptional regulation and frequently mutated in human cancers. We find that manipulating Spen expression alters larval fat ...

هدف: هدف پژوهش برجسته کردن مفهوم رفتار انحرافی سازمانی از طریق بررسی مطالعات پیشین و درک پویایی این رفتارها ارائه تصویری جامع روند فراهم آوردن بینشی ارزشمند وضعیت رفتارهای در ایران کمک به هدایت پژوهش­‌های آتی راستای پوشش شکاف­‌های تحقیقاتی موجود حوزه است.روش: با استفاده روش فراترکیب، یافته­‌های پژوهش­های کیفی کمی مرتبط ترکیب الگوی نهایی طراحی شد. بر اساس، 90 سازمانی، اهداف مطالعه حاضر هفت مرحله...

PURPOSE Evaluating the usefulness of diffusion-weighted spatio-temporal encoding (SPEN) methods to provide quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-based characterizations of healthy and malignant human breast tissues, in comparison with results obtained using techniques based on spin-echo echo planar imaging (SE-EPI). METHODS Twelve healthy volunteers and six breast cancer patients ...

Recently, new ultrafast imaging sequences such as rapid acquisition by sequential excitation and refocusing (RASER) and hybrid spatiotemporal encoding (SPEN) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been proposed, in which the phase encoding of conventional echo planar imaging (EPI) is replaced with a SPEN. In contrast to EPI, SPEN provides significantly higher immunity to frequency heterogeneitie...

Signaling by DER, the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), is essential for proper migration and survival of midline glial cells (MGCs) in the embryonic central nervous system (CNS) [1-4]. We recently isolated a gene called split ends (spen) in a screen designed to identify new components of the RTK/Ras pathway [5]. Drosophila Spen and its orthologs are characteriz...

Drosophila has eight Hox proteins, and they require factors acting in parallel to regulate different segmental morphologies. Here we find that the Drosophila gene split ends (spen), has a homeotic mutant phenotype, and appears to encode such a parallel factor. Our results indicate that spen plays two important segment identity roles. One is to promote sclerite development in the head region, in...

Owing to its intrinsic characteristics, spatiotemporally encoded (SPEN) imaging is less sensitive to adverse effects due to field inhomogeneity in comparison with echo planar imaging, a feature highly desired for functional, diffusion, and real-time MRI. However, the quality of images obtained with SPEN MRI is still degraded by geometric distortions when field inhomogeneity exists. In this stud...

The Notch and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathways interact cooperatively and antagonistically to regulate many aspects of Drosophila development, including the eye. How output from these two signaling networks is fine-tuned to achieve the precise balance needed for specific inductive interactions and patterning events remains an open and important question. Previously, we...

Selenite (H(2)SeO(3)) reacts with thiol compounds (RSH) under acidic conditions to form selenotrisulfides (RSSeSR, i.e. monoselenodithiols). The stoichiometry of the reaction is proposed as 4RSH+H(2)SeO(3)-->RSSeSR+RSSR+3H(2)O. Surprisingly, we found novel polynuclear selenium-containing compounds, i.e. polyselenodipenicillamines (PenSSe(2-4)SPen), in the reaction of D-penicillamine (PenSH) wit...

The novel family of SPOC domain proteins is composed of broadly conserved nuclear factors that fall into two subclasses, termed large and small, based on protein size. Members of the large subgroup, which includes Drosophila SPEN and human SHARP, have been characterized as transcriptional corepressors acting downstream of a variety of essential cell signaling pathways, while those of the small ...