Muka Qiang has two phonological tones. Contrary to typological expectations of a two-tone system, both are types of high tone: non-high syllables are toneless. The first type of tone is a high word tone that aligns with the left edge of the word and spreads rightward, linking to as many as four syllables; lexical prosodic domains longer than four syllables have not been observed. The other tone...

BACKGROUND relapse in phonological performance. AIM to verify relapse in the phonological performance related to sound production in the treatment of phonological disorder. METHOD three subjects with phonological disorders, aged 6:0, 7:0, 7:0 years, were treated for phoneme /r/ using the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model. After a cycle of treatment, the phonemes that presented relap...

PURPOSE This study was designed to test the relative efficacy of different combinations of intervention approaches when targeting speech production accuracy and phonological awareness skills. All children received individual speech therapy, a home program, and a small-group phonological awareness intervention. METHOD Sixty-five 4-year-olds with a developmental phonological disorder received t...

This study had the aim to analyze both the phonological changes and the generalization obtained in the treatment with rothics in two models of phonological treatment. The sample consisted of four subjects diagnosed with phonological disorder, with ages between four and six years. All of them were assessed before and after the phonological therapy. Two groups were established for the treatment w...

BACKGROUND intelligibility of phonological disorder. AIM to compare the intelligibility of phonological disorder analyzed by three distinct groups of judges. METHOD the research consisted of two samples: one sample was composed by 30 individuals with phonological disorder (assessed individuals) and the other sample was composed by the judges (speech-language therapists, laypeople and mother...

BACKGROUND Phonological disorder. AIM To apply the percentage of correct consonant (PCC) index and to verify the correlation between this index and the one applied perceptually by judges. METHOD The PCC index of 50 phonological disordered subjects was calculated, after 60 judges heard the phonological tests for each subject and perceptually attributed the severity. RESULTS The PCC index v...

BACKGROUND Self-awareness of speech impairment according to the following extralinguistic variables: gender and age. AIM To examine the influence of gender and age on the self-awareness of speech impairment. METHOD Participants were 24 children with the diagnosis of phonological disorder, 15 boys and 9 girls, with ages ranging between 5:0 and 7:7 years. For this group the assessment of self...