This paper deals with the basic notions of k-tautimmersions . These notions come from two special cases; that is, tight and taut immersions. Tight and taut based on high and distance functions respectively and their basic notions are normal bundle, endpoint map, focal point, critical normal. We generalize hight and distance functions to cylindrical function and define basic notions of k-taut ...

this paper deals with the basic notions of k-tautimmersions . these notions come from two special cases; that is, tight and taut immersions. tight and taut based on high and distance functions respectively and their basic notions are normal bundle, endpoint map, focal point, critical normal. we generalize hight and distance functions to cylindrical function and define basic notions of k-taut im...

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful biochemical analysis technique that allows for the dynamic characterization and imaging of living biological cells in the absence of fluorescent stains. In this review, we summarize some of the most recent developments in the noninvasive biochemical characterization of single cells by spontaneous Raman scattering. Different instrumentation strategies utilizing c...

Idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia (ILH) is the most common cause of upper respiratory unsoundness in horses. Classified as a distal axonopathy, ILH primarily affects the intrinsic laryngeal muscles on the left side. The adductor muscles are more severely affected at an earlier stage than is the primary abductor muscle. Endoscopic evaluation in standing or exercising horses can result in a definit...

L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative required for the β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, a process necessary for deriving energy from fat. Carnitine deficiency has been shown to cause dilated cardiomyopathy in a small population of dogs, and effects of carnitine deficiency on other tissue are being explored. Preliminary evidence reveals that feline hepatic lipidosis may result from a rel...