i n the past decades, the effect of different tax amendments on various economic issues has been studied. the majority of these studies have avoided considering shadow economy as part of the calculation and analysis, and an issue, which has received little attention, is the relationship between green tax reforms and shadow economy, as for informal labor, which is well-connected to unemployment ...

This study aims to determine and analyze the Effect of Financial Literacy Technology on Public Inclusion (Case Study Teenagers in Tebing Tinggi City, North Sumatra). research method uses a quantitative approach associative with questionnaire data collection techniques. The population this amounted 27,837 people city teenagers used incidental sampling technique, taking sample 100 respondents. an...

A rejtett gazdasag kiterjedtsege alapvetően befolyasolja az adobeveteleket es a gazdasagpolitikai dontesek hatasossagat. Ebben tanulmanyban munkaerőpiaci jellemzőinek vizsgalataval haztartasok eltitkolt jovedelmenek aranyat probaltuk megbecsulni. Első lepeskent ket haztartastipust definialunk: 1. kozszferaban dolgozok, akiknek jovedelemeltitkolasi lehetősegei nagyon korlatozottak, valamint 2. v...

We investigate the dynamic general equilibrium effects of introducing a social assistance program to elderly informal sector workers in developing countries. We find that the extension of such “retirement benefits” in environments with lacking private sector risksharing mechanisms results in welfare increases and relatively minor efficiency losses. Our results suggest that welfare gains attribu...

The realization that mere existence of health care facilities does not necessarily mean that they are readily accessible to the poorest section in the informal economy, tend to the evolution of a unique health insurance scheme, with contribution according to individual capacity. This paper examines several health insurance schemes catering to the informal sector as well as some critical issues ...

In the last decade, there are strong indications of an expansion in shadow economic activities in the Netherlands Antilles, which is caused by the high tax burden and high unemployment. This paper attempts to measure the size of the shadow economy of the Netherlands Antilles using two distinct estimation methods: the direct and indirect approach. Both methods produced similar results, showing t...

The oncogene hypothesis postulates that mutated cellular genes, termed proto-onc genes, function as cancer genes because they are related to retroviral onc genes. However, in contrast to retroviral onc genes, mutated proto-onc genes from cancers are not sufficient for carcinogenesis. Therefore, it has been proposed that mutated proto-onc genes depend on other proto-onc genes for carcinogenesis....