The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been studied as a method to induce plasticity changes in the human brain. And rTMS is expected as a therapeutic tool for Parkinson's disease, depression, intractable pain and others. We reported a new rTMS protocol, quadripulse stimulation (QPS), is more effective. QPS consists of repeated trains of four monophasic TMS pulses separated...

BACKGROUND Responses to plasticity-inducing brain stimulation protocols are highly variable. However, no data are available concerning the variability of responses to quadripulse stimulation (QPS). OBJECTIVE We assessed the QPS parameters of motor cortical plasticity induction in a systematic manner, and later investigated the variability of QPS using optimal parameters. METHODS First, two ...

This chapter summarizes a newly developed method (quadripulse stimulation (QPS)) to induce neural plasticity in the human brain. What Is QPS? One stimulation burst consisting of four monophasic pulses is given every 5 s for 30 min. In total, 360 bursts (1440 pulses) are given in one session. Short-interval QPS potentiates excitability and longer-interval QPS depresses the target area. QPS at in...

Corpus callosum connects the bilateral primary motor cortices (M1s) and plays an important role in motor control. Using the paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm, we can measure interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) and interhemispheric facilitation (IHF) as indexes of the interhemispheric interactions in humans. We investigated how quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulat...

Quantum phase slips (QPS) in narrow superfluid channels generate momentum by unwinding the supercurrent. In a uniform Bose gas, this momentum needs to be absorbed by quasiparticles (phonons). We show that this requirement results in an additional exponential suppression of the QPS rate (compared to the rate of QPS induced by a sharply localized perturbation). In BCS-paired fluids, momentum can ...

Quick phases (QPs) induced by horizontal and vertical sinusoidal vestibular stimulations were studied in rabbits, cats, and humans. In all the animals, large and frequent horizontal QPs were observed following yaw stimulation in prone position. By contrast, QPs were almost absent during roll stimulation in rabbits, and they were small and oblique during pitch stimulation in cats and humans. As ...

In this addendum, we show that the switching algorithm QPS-SERENA can be converted R(QPS-SERENA), an algorithm for computing approximate Maximum Weight Matching (MWM). Empirically, R(QPS-SERENA) computes (1 − )-MWM within linear time (with respect to the number of edges N) for any fixed ∈ (0, 1), for complete bipartite graphs with i.i.d. uniform edge weight distributions. This efficacy matches ...

The standard quadratic program (QPS) is minx∈∆ xT Qx, where ∆ ⊂ <n is the simplex ∆ = {x ≥ 0 | ni=1 xi = 1}. QPS can be used to formulate combinatorial problems such as the maximum stable set problem, and also arises in global optimization algorithms for general quadratic programming when the search space is partitioned using simplices. One class of “d.c.” (for “difference between convex”) boun...

BACKGROUND The Questionnaire on Pain caused by Spasticity (QPS) is a modular patient- and observer-reported outcome measure of spasticity-related pain (SRP) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Originally developed for an English-speaking population, we conducted a psychometric validation of a recently developed Chinese language version of the QPS. METHODS This was a prospective, observation...