Two types of Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) modeling approaches can be applied to monitor root-zone soil moisture in agricultural landscapes. Water and Energy Balance (WEB) SVAT modeling is based on forcing a prognostic root-zone water balance model with observed rainfall and predicted evapotranspiration. In contrast, thermal Remote Sensing (RS) observations of surface radiometric t...

Transpiration of a mixed spruce-aspen-birch forest at the Valday Hills in Russia was determined using sap fl ow measurements and two different SVAT (Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere-Transfer) models. The more sophisticated Mixed Forest multi-layer SVAT model (MF-SVAT) considers water uptake and transpiration of each tree species individually, and the simple Multi-Layer (ML-SVAT) describes the forest ...

Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer models (SVAT) and Crop Simulation models describe physical and physiological processes occurring in crop canopies. Remote sensing data may be used through assimilation procedures for constraining or driving SVAT and crop models. We developed the coupling between crop, SVAT and radiative transfer models in order to implement assimilation procedures in various ...

Classical studies using bovine chromaffin granules have defined the physiologic and pharmacologic properties of the vesicular amine transporter that packages monoamine transmitters into intracellular vesicles for subsequent regulated release. The recent isolation of two distinct but closely related cDNA clones encoding vesicular amine transport suggests that the activity expressed in the brain ...

Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) models consist of deterministic mathematical representations of the physical processes involved between the land surface and the atmosphere and of their interactions, at time-steps acceptable for the study of land surface processes. The present article provides a comprehensive and systematic review of one such SVAT model suitable for use in mesoscale o...

Within the frame of the ESA-project GeoBIRD soil moisture was determined from ERS-1/2 beased microwave backscatter measurements in three different European test sites. The semi empirical IGGF-model (Rombach and Mauser [1]) was used together with a geographical information system to derive the soil-moisture under the land covers maize, cereals and meadows. The IGGF-model takes into account land-...

[1] Vegetation affects the climate by modifying the energy, momentum, and hydrologic balance of the land surface. Soil-vegetation-atmosphere transfer (SVAT) schemes explicitly consider the role of vegetation in affecting water and energy balance by taking into account its physiological properties, in particular, leaf area index (LAI) and stomatal conductance. These two physiological properties ...