The bz-m13CS9 allele of the bronze-1 gene in maize contains a 902-base-pair defective Suppressor-mutator (dSpm) transposable element in the second exon. Nevertheless, 40-50% of the enzymatic activity conditioned by a nonmutant allele at the bronze-1 locus is routinely recovered in crude extracts prepared from plants carrying bz-m13CS9 in the absence of an autonomous Suppressor-mutator element. ...

The bz-m13 allele of the bronze-1 (bz) locus in maize contains a 2.2-kb defective Suppressor-mutator (dSpm) transposable element inserted in the second exon. We compared bz expression in bz-m13 and five derivatives in which the dSpm insertion had sustained deletions ranging from 2 to 1300 bp. Tissues homozygous for bz-m13 in the absence of Spm-s activity were found to contain from 5 to 13% of t...

The A2 locus of Zea mays, identified as one of the genes affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis, was cloned using the transposable elements rcy and dSpm as gene tags. The A2 gene encodes a putative protein of 395 amino acids and is devoid of introns. Two a2-m1 alleles, containing dSpm insertions of different sizes, were characterized. The dSpm element from the original state allele has perfect term...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Determination of hemispheric language dominance is critical for planning epilepsy surgery. We assess the usefulness of spatiotemporal source analysis of magnetoencephalography for determining language laterality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients with epilepsy were studied. The patients performed a semantic word-processing task during MEG recording. Epochs cont...

This study uses magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine whether cortical regions that constitute a default mode network are involved during generalized spike-wave discharges (GSWs) in patients with juvenile absence epilepsy (JAE). We studied five JAE patients for whom MEG was recorded using a 204-channel, whole-head gradiometer system. Dynamic statistical parametric mapping (dSPM) was done to e...

INTRODUCTION Inspired by the source localization methods in electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) [1], magnetic resonance Inverse Imaging (InI) uses a highly parallel radio-frequency coil array to solve an inverse problem in image reconstruction [2]. Due to its intrinsic ill-posed nature, InI has a non-delta point-spread function. Previously we introduced the minimum-nor...

The Suppressor-mutator (Spm) family of maize transposable elements consists of autonomous Spm elements and nonautonomous defective Spm (dSpm) elements. One characteristic of this family is that the insertion of dSpm elements into a structural gene often permits some level of structural gene expression in the absence of SpM activity, and this structural gene expression is suppressed in trans by ...

Maize Suppressor-mutator (Spm) transposable elements have been introduced into tobacco cells and a visual assay for Spm activity has been developed using a bacterial beta-glucuronidase gene. The Spm element is mobile in tobacco and can trans-activate excision of a transposition-defective Spm (dSpm) element either from a different site on the same transforming Ti plasmid or from a second plasmid...

This review introduces the development history of widely used NF model, i.e., Donnan-Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion (DSPM-DE), from emergence its predecessors to current form. We present details DSPM-DE assumptions and equations that account for each mechanism. inputs outputs, as well key parameters experimental procedures determining these are also explained. Furthermore, is appli...