The construction of the Bier sphere Bier(K) for a simplicial complex K is due to Bier (1992). Björner, Paffenholz, Sjöstrand and Ziegler (2005) generalize this construction to obtain a Bier poset Bier(P, I) from any bounded poset P and any proper ideal I ⊆ P . They show shellability of Bier(P, I) for the case P = Bn, the boolean lattice, and thereby obtain ‘many shellable spheres’ in the sense ...

To the Editor: Although the Bier block has been used as a treatment for sympathetically-maintained pain (SMP) for many years, the selection of agents remains controversial. Different drug classes have been used, including alpha-adrenergic blockers (guanethidine, reserpine, bretylium), alpha-2 agonists (clonidine), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (ketorolac, tenoxicam), local anesthetics (l...

Bier spots are small, irregular, hypopigmented macules that are usually found on the arms and legs. The macules disappear when the limb is raised. Bier spots have been reported in association with a number of conditions but there is no consistent association to specific desease. Although they usually affect young adults, we report a case of Bier spots that began in childhood. As an asymptomatic...

Passive muscle stretch performed during a period of post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) increases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and this suggests that the muscle metabolites may sensitize mechanoreceptors in healthy humans. However, the responsible substance(s) has not been studied thoroughly in humans. Human and animal studies suggest that cyclooxygenase products sensitize muscle ...

In 1992 Thomas Bier presented a strikingly simple method to produce a huge number of simplicial (n− 2)-spheres on 2n vertices as deleted joins of a simplicial complex on n vertices with its combinatorial Alexander dual. Here we interpret his construction as giving the poset of all the intervals in a boolean algebra that “cut across an ideal.” Thus we arrive at a substantial generalization of Bi...

To cite: He A, Kwatra SG, Kim N, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2016214761 DESCRIPTION A 26-year-old woman with a reported history of tinea versicolour presented for persistent hypopigmentation on her bilateral forearms. Detailed examination revealed multiple small (5–10 mm), irregularly shaped white macules on the extensor surfaces of the ...

background: factor vii concentrates are used in patients with congenital or acquired factor vii deficiency or treatment of hemophilia patients with inhibitors. in this research, immunoaffinity chromatography was used to purify factor vii from prothrombin complex (prothrombin-proconvertin-stuart factor-antihemophilic factor b or ppsb) which contains coagulation factors ii, vii, ix and x. the aim...