CATO is an intelligent learning environment, designed to help beginning law students learn basic skills of making arguments with cases. Working with CATO, students outline written arguments about legal problems, supported by cites to cases selected from CATO’s database. CATO employs an abstract model of case-based legal argument to generate argumentation examples dynamically in the context of t...

Our instructional program, CATO, uses a model of case-based legal argument to teach law students basic skills of making arguments with cases. CATO represents abstract knowledge about the meaning of the similarities and differences between cases in a Factor Hierarchy, in which the ‘factors’ used to represent case facts are linked to higher level concerns and legal issues. The Factor Hierarchy en...

Cassia tora L. seeds have previously been reported to reduce blood glucose level in human and animals with diabetes. In the present study, the effects of Cassia tora L. seed butanol fraction (CATO) were studied on postprandial glucose control and insulin secretion from the pancreas of the normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by an i.p. injection of Streptozotocin (55 mg/kg BW) into th...

Screening out patients who do not require immediate surgery is a growing trend in the field of thyroid research. In this study, we retrospectively compared the application of two surveillance selection criteria in 1001 patients who had undergone surgical treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC): low-risk PTMC characteristics defined by Kuma Hospital and CATO consensus on PTMC manage...

ion path to follow in the Factor Hierarchy and how abstractly to characterize a distinguishing factor. One wants to characterize a distinction broadly enough to take advantage of all relevant contrasting and corroborating factors. One also wants to focus on distinctions that hold up at more abstract levels and avoid characteriziations so broad as to destroy the contrast or allow obvious objecti...

We compared two automated approaches to teaching distinguishing, a fundamental skill of case-based reasoning that involves assessing the relevant differences among cases in a context-sensitive way. The approaches are implemented in two versions of CATO, an ITS designed to teach law students basic skills of casebased legal argument. The original version of CATO employed a didactic explanatory di...

BACKGROUND For patients undergoing general anesthesia, adequate warming and humidification of the inspired gases is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the heat and moisture content of the inspired gases with low-flow anesthesia using 4 different anesthesia machines. METHODS The patients were divided into 11 groups according to the anesthesia machine used ...