We provide evidence that increased political influence, arising from CIA interventions during the Cold War, was used to create a larger foreign market for American products. Following CIA interventions, imports from the US increased dramatically, while total exports to the US were unaffected. The surge in imports was concentrated in industries in which the US had a comparative disadvantage, not...

This paper exploits the idiosyncratic line of contact separating Allied and Soviet troops within East Germany at end WWII to study political resistance in a non-democracy. When Nazi surrendered, 40 percent what would become authoritarian German Democratic Republic was initially under control but ceded less than two months later. Brief exposure increased protests during major 1953 uprising. We u...

In many situations the individuals who can generate some output must enter a contest for appropriating this output. This paper analyses the investment incentives of such agents and the role of incumbency advantages in the contest. Depending on the advantages, an increase in the productivity of the investment can decrease or increase the amount of investment. The results are applied to autocrats...

هدف: هدف پژوهش برجسته کردن مفهوم رفتار انحرافی سازمانی از طریق بررسی مطالعات پیشین و درک پویایی این رفتارها ارائه تصویری جامع روند فراهم آوردن بینشی ارزشمند وضعیت رفتارهای در ایران کمک به هدایت پژوهش­‌های آتی راستای پوشش شکاف­‌های تحقیقاتی موجود حوزه است.روش: با استفاده روش فراترکیب، یافته­‌های پژوهش­های کیفی کمی مرتبط ترکیب الگوی نهایی طراحی شد. بر اساس، 90 سازمانی، اهداف مطالعه حاضر هفت مرحله...

We conducted a field experiment to measure the effect of exposure to newspapers on political behavior and opinion. Before the 2005 Virginia gubernatorial election, we randomly assigned individuals to a Washington Post free subscription treatment, a Washington Times free subscription treatment, or control. We find no effect of either paper on political knowledge, stated opinions or turnout in po...

Post-Soviet African democratization has introduced elections into contexts that often lack restraints upon the behavior of candidates, resulting in the emergence of voter intimidation, vote-buying, and ballot fraud. We propose a model of electoral competition where, although some voters oppose violence, it is effective in intimidating swing voters. We show that in equilibrium a weak challenger ...