The adsorption of tributyltin (TBT), onto three mesoporous silica adsorbents functionalized with calix[4]arene, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (MCM-TDI-C4, MCM-TDI-PC4 and MCM-TDI-C4S, respectively) has been compared. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out and the effect of contact time, initial TBT concentration, pH and temperature were studied. The Koble-Corriga...

Humans are exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) primarily through inhalation in workplaces where TDI is produced or used. It is classified as a possible human carcinogen, based primarily on increased tumor incidences in rodents treated with TDI by oral gavage. We used the hypothesis-based weight-of-evidence (HBWoE) method to evaluate whether the available data support the hypothesis that TDI i...

The aim of the present study was to investigate predisposing factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) in the primary dentition and seeking of dental care after the occurrence of TDI. A randomized population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with 814 children aged 3 to 5 years enrolled at public and private preschools in the city of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Parents were asked to fi...

The isocyanates are widely used as precursors of polyurethane products, as well as carbamate insecticides. Toluene 2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) is one of the most important commercially used isocyanates. Humans may be exposed to TDI by inhalation, ingestion, dermal and eye contact. TDI is a powerful irritant to the mucosal membranes of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, eyes and the skin. P...

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposure can directly activate and damage airway epithelium. Folliculin (FLCN) is a protein expressed by human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) to maintain airway epithelial integrity and survival. This study investigated the involvement of FLCN in the pathogenesis of TDI-induced occupational asthma (OA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum leve...

Clinical and serologic effects of TDI exposure were studied in 112 occupationally exposed plant workers. Sera were obtained before and after commencement of TDI production. A11 subjects were skin-tested with common inhalant allergens and a TDI-HSA conju.gate. Total eosinophil counts, immunoglobuliw quantitatioas, fina specific antibody assays by PCA, P-E, and ~adioimmunoassay were performed. Cl...

Approximately ten percent of patients who seek orthodontic treatment have experienced a Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI). TDI occurs in different age groups ranging from preschool children to adults. Both primary and permanent teeth can be injured, and the sequelae of TDI complicate orthodontic treatment. This article gives a review on the epidemiology and etiology of TDI, and also the relation be...

The standard sampling methods for toluene diisocyanate (TDI) only collect total TDI without separating the aerosol and gas phases. There are few other samplers, such as the dual filter, triple filter and annular denuder systems (ADS), which are able to sample the aerosol and gas phases simultaneously. This field study was conducted at two workplaces to access the total 2,4-TDI and the gaseous a...