In vitro evolution was previously used to identify a small deoxyribozyme, 7Q10, that ligates RNA with formation of a 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage from a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a 5'-hydroxyl group. Ligation occurs in a convenient "binding arms" format analogous to that of the well-known 10-23 and 8-17 RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes. Here, we report the optimization and generality of 7Q10 as a 2...

We previously reported the in vitro selection of several Mg2+-dependent deoxyribozymes (DNA enzymes) that synthesize a 2'-5' RNA linkage from a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and a 5'-hydroxyl. Here we subjected the 9A2 deoxyribozyme to re-selection for improved ligation rate. We found two new DNA enzymes (7Z81 and 7Z48) that contain the catalytic core of 7Q10, a previously reported small deoxyribozyme...

Low flow selections are essential to water resource management, water supply planning, and watershed ecosystem restoration. In this study, a new approach, namely the frequent-low (FL) approach (or frequent-low index), was developed based on the minimum frequent-low flow or level used in minimum flows and/or levels program in northeast Florida, USA. This FL approach was then compared to the conv...

Understanding effects of flow alteration on stream biota is essential to developing ecologically sustainable water supply strategies. We evaluated effects of altering flows via surface water withdrawals and instream reservoirs on stream fish assemblages, and compared effects with other hypothesized drivers of species richness and assemblage composition. We sampled fishes during three years in 2...

First posted June 3, 2022 For additional information, contact: Director, New England Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey10 Bearfoot RoadNorthborough, MA 01532 Low-streamflow statistics, such as the annual minimum 7-day streamflow (which is likely to be exceeded in 9 out of 10 years on average [7Q10]), that are computed by using full historical record may not accurately represent current ...

Aims: This research aimed to determine the amount of environmental flow (EF) required sustain river’s function in supporting ecological balance. Backgrounds: In Indonesia, Citarum area usually experiences significant challenges, including overflow River and its watersheds, which causes flooding, lack water during dry season. However, major challenge is availability Citarum, attributed discharge...