DYT1 dystonia is a debilitating neurological disease characterized by involuntary twisting movements. The disease is caused by an in-frame deletion (GAG, "ΔE") mutation in the TOR1A gene that encodes the torsinA protein. Intriguingly, only 30% of mutation carriers exhibit motor symptoms despite the fact that functional brain imaging studies show abnormal brain metabolism in all carriers. Becaus...

We denote by FPMC the class of all non-singular projective algebraic surfaces X over C with finite polyhedral Mori cone NE(X) ⊂ NS(X)⊗ R. If ρ(X) = rk NS(X) ≥ 3, then the set Exc(X) of all exceptional curves on X ∈ FPMC is finite and generates NE(X). Let δE(X) be the maximum of (−C ) and pE(X) the maximum of pa(C) respectively for all C ∈ Exc(X). For fixed ρ ≥ 3, δE and pE we denote by FPMCρ,δE...

BACKGROUND Fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA) increases the cariogenic microorganisms of mouth including candida. The aim was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of some antibacterial drugs in combination with most applicable antifungal agents on candida isolated from patients with FOA. METHODS Three antifungal agents (amphotericin B (AMB), ketoconazole (KET), and itraconazole (ITZ)) and t...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Hard denture acrylic resins must maintain color stability to remain esthetic. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the color stability of denture resins subjected to staining agents and cleaned with denture cleansers MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five disks (10-mm diameter, 2-mm thick) fabricated from 3 denture resins (light polymerized Eclipse; heat p...

UNLABELLED To clinically evaluate the effectiveness of Nite White 10% carbamide peroxide with amorphous calcium phosphate, potassium nitrate and fluoride over a 6-month follow-up period. Nite White was applied nightly for 14 days, according to the manufacturer's instructions. The color of teeth 11 and 21 of twenty one subjects was measured with a spectrophotometer (L(*); a(*); b(*)). Subjects w...

DYT1 dystonia, the most common inherited form of primary dystonia, is a neurodevelopmental disease caused by a dominant mutation in TOR1A. This mutation ('ΔE') removes a single glutamic acid from the encoded protein, torsinA. The effects of this mutation, at the molecular and circuit levels, and the reasons for its neurodevelopmental onset, remain incompletely understood. To uniquely address ke...