Massive MIMO is widely recognized as an essential technology for 5G. Together with newly allocated spectrum (bandwidth) and network densification (small cells), it is expected to play a key role in coping with the ongoing explosion in data-traffic demand and services. Compared to 4G MIMO technologies, massive MIMO can offer large gains in cell spectral efficiency, which, in combination with sma...

Massive MIMO is also known as very-large MIMO (VLMIMO) and large scale antenna systems (LSAS), Hyper MIMO (HMIMO), Full dimension MIMO (FDMIMO) is advance techniques that potentially can offered the large network capacities in multi-user circumstances. With a massive MIMO system, we consider the case where a base station equipped with a large number of antennas elements instantaneously serves t...

This article presents a tutorial on multiuser multiple-antenna wireless systems with a very large number of antennas, known as massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Signal processing challenges and future trends in the area of massive MIMO systems are presented and key application scenarios are detailed. A linear algebra approach is considered for the description of the system and da...

This article presents a tutorial on multiuser multiple-antenna wireless systems with a very large number of antennas, known as massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Signal processing challenges and future trends in the area of massive MIMO systems are presented and key application scenarios are detailed. A linear algebra approach is considered for the description of the system and da...

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is seen as an enabling technology to fulfill dramatic improvements in spectral efficiency for 5G deployment in 2020. For massive MIMO systems, the learning loop from early stage prototype design to final stage performance validation, is expected to be slow and ineffective. There is a strong need to evaluate massive MIMO base station (BS) performance...

As massive MIMO is currently considered a leading 5G technology candidate, channel models that capture important massive MIMO channel characteristics are urgently needed. In this paper we present an attempt for massive MIMO channel modeling based on measurement campaigns at 2.6 GHz in both outdoor and indoor environments, using physically-large arrays and with closelyspaced users. The COST 2100...