We compare the findings of central bank researchers and academic economists regarding macroeconomic effects quantitative easing (QE). find that papers QE to be more effective than do. Central report larger on output inflation. They also are significant, both statistically economically, they use positive language in abstract. who experience favorable career outcomes. A survey banks reveals subst...

H10, B25, A11 KEy woRdS: JEL Classification: political economy, public choice, constitutional economics, institutions, 1 University of Warwick, UK; CREMA – Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts, Switzerland 2 University of Zurich, Switzerland Corespondence concerning to this article should be addressed to: [email protected] Bruno S. Frey1 and Lasse Steiner2

The Tracy–Widom distributions are among the most famous laws in probability theory, partly due to their connection with Wigner matrices. In particular, for A=1n(aij)1≤i,j≤n∈Rn×n symmetric (aij)1≤i≤j≤n i.i.d. standard normal, fluctuations of its largest eigenvalue λ1(A) asymptotically described by a real-valued distribution TW1:n2/3(λ1(A)−2)⇒TW1. As it often happens, Gaussianity can be relaxed, ...

Objective: Chloride is the major plasma anion. There are several methods available for the determination of serum chloride levels. Unfortunately these methods are sometimes not available in the urgent setting where values are needed. Here we describe...

Economic theory has evolved without paying proper attention to behavioral approaches, especially to social, economic, and cognitive psychology. This has recently changed by including behavioral economics courses in many doctoral study programs. Although this new development is most welcome, the typical topics of the behavioral economics courses are not truly behavioral. More specifically, we qu...

Economic theory has evolved without paying proper attention to behavioral approaches, especially to social, economic, and cognitive psychology. This has recently changed by including behavioral economics courses in many doctoral study programs. Although this new development is most welcome, the typical topics of the behavioral economics courses are not truly behavioral. More specifically, we qu...

Views among Economists: Professional Consensus or Point-Counterpoint? To what degree do economists disagree about key economic questions? To provide evidence, we make use of the responses to a series of questions posed to a distinguished panel of economists put together by the Chicago School of Business. Based on our analysis, we find a broad consensus on these many different economic issues, p...

Economic theory is often abused in practical policy-making. There is frequently excessive focus on sophisticated theory at the expense of elementary theory; too much economic knowledge can sometimes be a dangerous thing. Too little attention is paid to the wider economic context, and to the dangers posed by political pressures. Superficially trivial distinctions between policy proposals may be ...

Monetary valuation of environmental change is useful if one aims to rank alternative projects according to some specific social welfare function. However, if the project analysis is intended as background information to a democratic debate, the advantages of monetary valuation are less obvious. This paper analyzes aggregation of information, taking normative disagreement explicitly into account...

Recently, we have reported that the product of Melanoma Antigens Genes (MAGE) family member MAGE-A11 is an independent poor prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the reason how MAGE-A11 is activated in ESCC progression still remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrated that DNA methylation and the subsequent histone posttranslational modifications p...