studying crustal and upper mantel structures has been limited in the iranian plateau and there has been little work done in this field. in this paper we have a primary motive to map pn and sn velocities beneath most of the iranian plateau in order to test 3-d mantle models and to develop and test a method to produce pn and sn travel time correction surfaces that are the 3-d analogue of travel t...

BACKGROUND Inspiratory muscle strength in patients with neuromuscular disorders can be assessed using sniff inspiratory nasal pressure (Pn(sn)) and maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (PI(max)). However, the relative merits of Pn(sn) against PI(max) are not known in patients with severe neuromuscular disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether severity of disease modifies the relation between Pn...

k=0 (−1)n−k ck(T ) λk . Then, as well known, c0(T ) = 0 and c1(T ) = n . If T differs from the star (Sn) and the path (Pn), which requires n ≥ 5 , then c2(Sn) < c2(T ) < c2(Pn) and c3(Sn) < c3(T ) < c3(Pn) . If n = 4 , then c3(Sn) = c3(Pn) . AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 05C05, 05C12, 05C50

The algebra Sn of one-sided inverses of a polynomial algebra Pn in n variables is obtained from Pn by adding commuting, left (but not two-sided) inverses of the canonical generators of the algebra Pn. Ignoring non-Noetherian property, the algebra Sn belongs to a family of algebras like the nth Weyl algebra An and the polynomial algebra P2n. Explicit generators are found for the group Gn of auto...

OBJECTIVE To present the perioperative outcomes from the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) nephrectomy dataset for 2012, the first year of public reporting of individual surgeon outcomes in the UK. PATIENTS AND METHODS All nephrectomies performed in the year 2012 and recorded in the database were analysed. These were divided into simple nephrectomy (SN), partial nephrectomy (P...

The algebra Sn of one-sided inverses of a polynomial algebra Pn in n variables is obtained from Pn by adding commuting, left (but not two-sided) inverses of the canonical generators of the algebra Pn. The algebra Sn is a noncommutative, non-Noetherian algebra of classical Krull dimension 2n and of global dimension n and is not a domain. If the ground field K has characteristic zero then the alg...

Geometric spreading of Pn and Sn waves in a spherical Earth model is different than that of classical headwaves and is frequency dependent. The behavior cannot be fully represented by a frequency-independent power-law model, as is commonly assumed. The lack of an accurate representation of Pn and Sn geometric spreading in a spherical Earth model impedes our ability to characterize Earth propert...

We study the singular part of the partition monoid Pn; that is, the ideal Pn \ Sn, where Sn is the symmetric group. Our main results are presentations in terms of generators and relations, and we also show that Pn \Sn is idempotent generated, and that its rank and idempotent-rank are both equal to ( n+1 2 ) = 12n(n + 1). One of our presentations uses an idempotent generating set of this minimal...