bility arises mainly from the limitations of the discrete data model and from the polygon-based mapping pracA geographical information system (GIS) or expert knowledgetice employed in conventional soil surveys. based fuzzy soil inference scheme (soil-land inference model, SoLIM) is described. The scheme consists of three major components: (i) a Zhu (1997a,b), Zhu and Band (1994), Zhu et al. mod...

The work is motivated by problems during automated motion control of mobile microrobots. Microrobots are only cm-sized but can manipulate objects in the sub-micrometre-range. For a high positioning accuracy the microrobot’s actuator controller must be correspondingly accurate. But since a microrobot’s motion behaviour is difficult to model and since the model parameters even change with time, a...

The purpose of the present study was to identify vagal subnuclei that participate in reflex swallowing in response to electrical stimulation of the left superior laryngeal nerve (SLN). SLN stimulation at 10 Hz evoked primary peristalsis, including oropharyngeal and esophageal peristalsis, and LES relaxation. It also induced c-fos expression in interneurons in the interstitial (SolI), intermedia...

Terrain characteristics, such as slope gradient, slope aspect, profile curvature, contour curvature computed from digital elevation model (DEM), are among the key inputs to digital soil surveys based on geographic information systems (GIS). These terrain attributes are computed over a neighborhood (spatial extent). The objective of this research was to investigate the combi ed effect of DEM res...

Many researchers have examined the impact of detailed soil spatial information on hydrological modelling due to the fact that such information serves as important input to hydrological modelling, yet is difficult and expensive to obtain. Most research has focused on the effects at single scales; however, the effects in the context of spatial aggregation across different scales are largely missi...

Besides their typical classification task, Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) can be used to approximate inputoutput relations. They provide an economic way of storing the essence of past data into input/output support vector pairs. In this paper the SOLIM algorithm (Self-Organising Locally Interpolating Map) is reviewed and an extrapolation method is introduced. This framework allows finding one inver...