Command control, communication, computer and intelligence (C4I) systems are the back bone complex information and communication systems for modern information warfare (IW). Managing security in C4I systems is a challenge due to complexity and criticality of these systems. This paper elaborates design methodology to incorporate security in the C4I systems in systematic and consistent way instead...

The purpose of this paper is to present the first results obtained in the development of a service-oriented C4I architecture for the Netherlands Armed Forces. New developments in military operations, such as NEC and EBO, call for higher levels of interoperability, both within the Netherlands Armed Forces and with its partners. Present-day missions of Dutch forces in Iraq and Afghanistan involve...

An ESB is a platform that provides services such as message routing and transformation. Along with this, it has the capabilities to ease the pains of connecting heterogeneous C4I systems among various defense forces. This paper describes an assessing mechanism of optimum selection of Enterprise Services Bus (ESB) for C4I architecture framework. We use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for analyz...

C4I Interfaces to Simulations are limited in functionality. One of the principle factors causing this is a lack of interface standards. While standards are a necessary condition, they are not sufficient. In order to have a complete interface, the data to be exchanged must be represented in both systems (C4I and Simulation). However, the current status is that C4I systems and simulations 1) do n...

Network Centric Command and Control operations postulate that the more information we can collect, create, and share about the adversary, the operational environment, our capabilities, readiness, and logistics, the more we can focus our capabilities to produce desired effects with less risk of unintended consequences and more efficient expenditure of national resources. The critical role of the...

The greater the military leverage that C4I systems provide for U.S. forces, the larger the incentives are for an opponent to attack those systems. Indeed, it makes little sense for an opponent to challenge the U.S. “symmetrically”, i.e., force-on-force. More likely avenues of challenge are “asymmetric”, i.e., avenues that exploit potential U.S. vulnerabilities. Attacking U.S. C4I systems – whet...

The fluid phase inactivation of C2(hu) by C1(hu) is markedly enhanced by the presence of C4(hu). The enhancement is afforded by C1 inactivated C4(hu), namely C4i(hu), and requires the simultaneous presence of enzymatically active C1. Heterologous C4 of guinea pig origin protects C2(hu) from the inactivation by C1(hu). Thus, in both the fluid phase and on the cellular intermediate, C4(hu) is ess...