Enzymatic mild acidolysis lignins (EMAL) isolated from different species of softwood and Eucalyptus globulus were submitted to comparative analysis that included thioacidolysis, derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC), and DFRC followed by quantitative 31P NMR (DFRC/31P NMR). While gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the monomer yields from both thioacidolysis and DFRC, 3...

Enzymatic mild acidolysis lignins (EMAL) isolated from different species of softwood and Eucalyptus globulus were submitted to comparative analysis that included thioacidolysis, derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC), and DFRC followed by quantitative (31)P NMR (DFRC/(31)P NMR). While gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the monomer yields from both thioacidolysis and DFR...

BACKGROUND Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) results in collapse of alveolar units and loss of lung volume at the end of expiration. Mechanical ventilation is used to treat patients with ARDS or Acute Lung Injury (ALI), with the end objective being to increase the dynamic functional residual capacity (dFRC), and thus increasing overall functional residual capacity (FRC). Simple methods...

The structure of the lignin in wheat straw has been investigated by a combination of analytical pyrolysis, 2D-NMR, and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). It is a p-hydroxyphenyl-guaiacyl-syringyl lignin (with an H:G:S ratio of 6:64:30) associated with p-coumarates and ferulates. 2D-NMR indicated that the main substructures present are β-O-4'-ethers (∼~75%), followed by phenyl...

BACKGROUND Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by inflammation, filling of the lung with fluid and the collapse of lung units. Mechanical ventilation (MV) is used to treat ARDS using positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) to recruit and retain lung units, thus increasing pulmonary volume and dynamic functional residual capacity (dFRC) at the end of expiration. However, ...

Enabled by the advancement in radio frequency technologies, convergence of radar and communication systems becomes increasingly promising is envisioned as a key feature future sixth-generation networks. Recently, frequency-hopping (FH) MIMO has been introduced to underlay dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems. Superior many previous radar-centric DFRC designs, symbol rate FH-MIMO rad...

In Part I of this three-part tutorial on dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC), we overviewed the fundamental elements DFRC. As II tutorial, letter overviews state-of-the-art (SoA) in DFRC, with a particular emphasis use technique for seamless connectivity vehicular network. We commence by introducing conventional beam tracking approaches millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, bas...

Pinus taeda wood chips were biotreated with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora under solid-state fermentation for periods varying from 15 to 90 days. Milled wood lignins extracted from sound and biotreated wood samples were characterized by wet-chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Treatment of the lignins by derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) made it possible to detect DFRC monomer...

To define the abundance and comprehend the reactivity of dibenzodioxocins in lignin, model compound studies, specific degradation experiments on milled wood lignin, and molecular modeling calculations have been performed. Quantitative (31)P NMR measurements of the increase of biphenolic hydroxyl groups formed after a series of alkaline degradations in the presence of hydrosulfide anions (kraft ...

The structure of the lignin from brewer's spent grain (BSG) has been studied in detail. Three different lignin preparations, the so-called "milled-wood" lignin (MWL), dioxane lignin (DL), and cellulolytic lignin (CEL), were isolated from BSG and then thoroughly characterized by pyrolysis GC/MS, 2D-NMR, and derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC). The data indicated that BSG lignin ...