As low frequency band becomes more and more crowded, millimeter-wave (mmWave) has attracted significant attention recently. IEEE has released the 802.11ad standard to satisfy the demand of ultra-high-speed communication. It adopts beamforming technology that can generate directional beams to compensate for high path loss. In the Association Beamforming Training (A-BFT) phase of beamforming (BF)...

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains produce a 20-kDa zinc metalloprotease toxin (BFT) associated with diarrheal disease of animals, young children, and adults. BFT stimulates secretion in intestinal loops in vivo and modifies epithelial cell morphology in vitro. The B. fragilis toxin (bft) gene from ETBF strain 86-5443-2-2 (piglet; bft-2) revealed significant nucleotide and pred...

We examine the collected evidence for efficacy of biofeedback therapy (BFT) in incontinence and constipation by means of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PubMed search was performed to identify treatment trials that match quality criteria (adequate control groups, randomization). They were entered into meta-analyses using fixed effect models and computing odds ratio (OR) and 95% c...

To further understand the epidemiology of enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), 89 extraintestinal B. fragilis strains from Seoul, Korea, were examined for secretion of B. fragilis toxin (BFT) by the HT29/C1 biologic assay and for the B. fragilis toxin gene (bft) by colony blot hybridization and PCR. Complete agreement between the three techniques was found. Overall, 34 B. fragilis strai...

Strains of Bacteroides fragilis associated with diarrhea in children (termed enterotoxigenic B. fragilis, or ETBF) produce a heat-labile ca. 20-kDa protein toxin (BFT). The purpose of this study was to examine the activity of BFT on polarized monolayers of human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells). In Ussing chambers, BFT had two effects. First, BFT applied to either the apical or basolater...

To evaluate the role of the C-terminal region in Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) activity, processing, and secretion, sequential C-terminal truncation and point mutations were created by site-directed mutagenesis. Determination of BFT activity on HT29/C1 cells, cleavage of E-cadherin, and the capacity to induce interleukin-8 secretion by wild-type BFT and C-terminal deletion mutants showed tha...

The Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT) is the only known virulence factor of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis. BFT has previously been shown to act, at least in part, through cleavage of the intercellular adhesion protein E-cadherin. A specific cellular receptor for BFT has not been identified. The goal of this study was to determine if the initial interaction of BFT with intestinal epithelial cells w...

AIM To evaluate the short-term efficacy of biofeedback therapy (BFT) for dyssynergic defecation (DD) and to explore the predictors of the efficacy of BFT. METHODS Clinical symptoms, psychological state, and quality of life of patients before and after BFT were investigated. All patients underwent lifestyle survey and anorectal physiology tests before BFT. Improvement in symptom scores was con...