Background: Iron-responsive Elements (IREs) are hairpin structures located in the 5’ or 3’ untranslated region of some animal mRNAs. IREs have a highly conserved terminal loop and UGC/C C bulge five bases upstream loop, which divides stem into an upper lower stem. Objective: The objective this study was to investigate base-pair composition stems determine whether they among mRNAs from different...

Surface-groundwater interactions in intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), waterways which do not flow year-round, are spatially temporally dynamic because of alternations between flowing, non-flowing dry hydrological states. Interactions surface groundwater often create mixing zones with distinct redox gradients, potentially driving high rates carbon nutrient cycling. Yet a complete...

We report here a novel fluorescent protein-based screen to identify small, synthetic internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements in vivo. A library of bicistronic plasmids encoding the enhanced blue and green fluorescent proteins (EBFP and EGFP) separated by randomized 50-nucleotide-long sequences was amplified in bacteria and delivered into mammalian cells via protoplast fusion. Cells that re...

Intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES), those watercourses that periodically cease to flow or dry, are the world's most widespread type of river ecosystem. Our understanding natural hydrology ecology IRES has greatly improved, but their responses extreme events such as drought remain a research frontier. In this review, we present state art, knowledge gaps directions on droughts in fr...

Internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) allow ribosomes to be recruited to mRNA in a cap-independent manner. Some viruses that impair cap-dependent translation initiation utilize IRES to ensure that the viral RNA will efficiently compete for the translation machinery. IRES are also employed for the translation of a subset of cellular messages during conditions that inhibit cap-dependent translatio...

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is quite distinct from other well-characterized picornavirus IRES elements, but it displays functional similarities to the IRES from hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. In particular, a dominant negative mutant form of eIF4A does not inhibit the activity of ...