The toxicity of eight botanically based biopesticides was evaluated against third instars of the scarab larvae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Popillia japonica Newman, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, and Cyclocephala borealis Arrow. Soil dip bioassays were used to obtain concentration-mortality data 7 d after treatment of larvae, leading to the calculation of LC50 ...

Dichloromethane and/or ethanol extracts of 30 plants used as traditional medicines in Bukoba district, northwestern Tanzania were evaluated for brine shrimp toxicity. Among the 50 extracts tested, 32 extracts (64%) showed very low toxicity with LC50 values above 100 microg/ml. Among these 12 (24%) which had LC50 >500 microg/ml can be categorized as being practically non-toxic. Among the remaini...

Three Plumbago spp have been tested for mosquito larvicidal activity. The crude extracts exhibiting the highest larvicidal activity against Anopheles gambiae were hexane (LC50 = 6.4 microg/mL) and chloroform (LC50 = 6.7 microg/mL) extracts from Plumbago zeylanica Linn, chloroform (LC50 = 6.7 ug/mL) extract from Plumbago stenophylla Bull and ethyl acetate (LC50 = 4.1 microg/mL) extract from Plum...

Essential oils of sixteen Chinese medicinal plants were screened for fumigant toxicity against Bemisia tabaci. The essential oil of Allium sativum exhibited the strongest fumigant activity against B. tabaci with an LC50 value of 0.11 μg/l followed by the essential oils of Agastache rugosa (LC50 = 7.08 μg/l), Illicium verum (LC50 = 8.61 μg/l), Chenopodium ambrosioides (LC50 = 8.80 μg/l), and Syz...

The search for new insecticides to control dengue fever, chikungunya, and Zika vectors has gained relevance in the past decades. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the larvicidal action of essential oils (EOs) from Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, Lippia origanoides, Eucalyptus globulus, Cymbopogon nardus, Cymbopogon martinii, Lippia alba, Pelargonium graveolens, Turnera diffusa, ...

PURPOSE To estimate the median lethal needle caliber (LC50) of a new experimental sepsis model and compare it to the LC50 of the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis model. METHODS Male albino Wistar rats were studied (n=22). Animals were allocated into two study groups. In Group I, experimental sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. In Group II, experimental sepsis was induce...

Different concentrations of selected heavy metals in the form of cadmium chloride (CdCl2), copper sulphate (CuSO4), lead nitrate (Pb (NO3)2) and mercuric nitrate (Hg (NO3)2) were tested against immature and mature stage of C. pipiens to assess the toxicity, LC50, total carbohydrate and lipid content. The survival potential of 2 instar larvae was highly affected by the contamination with the tes...

Corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), is a significant pest of agroecosystems in the midsouthern and southeastern regions of the United States. These insects have developed resistance to, or inconsistent control has occurred with, most insecticide classes. With their unique mode of action, insecticides in the diamide class have become a key component in management of agriculturally important ...

Ninety-six ethanolic extracts from various parts of 84 Thai plant species were tested for their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Extracts from Rhinacanthus nasutus, Derris elliptica, Trigonostemon reidioides, Homalomena aromatica, Stemona tuberosa and Acorus calamus possessed high larvicidal activity, with LC50 values between 16.0 and 48.2 mg/l. Petroleum ether (PE) and met...