The first antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was used for the treatment of psychosis in France in 1951 and in the United States in 1954. Antipsychotic use has expanded significantly since then. The historic term neuroleptic, used with antipsychotic medication, is no longer appropriate because newer agents cause less sedation. The term antipsychotic is now preferred. In 2009, U.S. poison control cen...

Software agent technology generally is defined as the area that deals with writing software in such a way that it is autonomous. In this definition, the word autonomous indicates that the software has the ability to react to changes in its environment in a way that it can continue to perform its intended job. Specifically, changes in its input channels, its output channels, and the changes in o...

A recent decision by several Australian State politicians to support a parliamentary review of artificial water fluoridation has an intensified debate on the public health intervention. While there is a majority agreement among Australian dentists and other health professionals that adequate enamel fluoride is essential for dental health, the ethics of artificial fluoridation of public water su...

Progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson’s disease have distinct underlying neuropathology, but both diseases affect cognitive function in addition to causing a movement disorder. They impair response inhibition and may lead to impulsivity, which can occur even in the presence of profound akinesia and rigidity. The current study examined the mechanisms of cognitive impairments underlying di...

Efavirenz (EFV) is principally metabolized by CYP2B6 to 8-hydroxyefavirenz (8OH-EFV) and to a lesser extent by CYP2A6 to 7-hydroxyefavirenz (7OH-EFV). So far, most metabolite profile analyses have been restricted to 8OH-EFV, 7OH-EFV, andEFV-N-glucuronide, even though these metabolites represent a minor percentage of EFV metabolites present in vivo.We have performed a quantitative phase I and II...