The Effect of Schooling and Ability on Achievement Test Scores This paper develops two methods for estimating the effect of schooling on achievement test scores that control for the endogeneity of schooling by postulating that both schooling and test scores are generated by a common unobserved latent ability. These methods are applied to data on schooling and test scores. Estimates from the two...

Iron is an essential nutrient for the growth of most bacteria. To obtain iron, bacteria have developed specific iron-transport systems located on the membrane surface to uptake iron and iron complexes such as ferrichrome. Interference with the iron-acquisition systems should be therefore an efficient strategy to suppress bacterial growth and infection. Based on the chemical similarity of iron a...

1.1 Markov Processes Consider a set of states S1, S2, . . . SN . A discrete Markov process is one in which the system is in a particular state at any given time. The state can be changed only at discrete intervals of time. We denote the time instants associated with state changes with as t = 1, 2, . . . and we denote the actual state at time t as qt. The current state in an n-order Markov proce...

Michael Ghil, Mickaël D. Chekroun and Dmitri Kondrashov Dept. of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 603 Charles E. Young Dr., East, 3845 Slichter Hall Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 Ghil phone: (310) 825-1038 fax: (310) 206-5219 email:[email protected] Chekroun phone: (310) 825-1038 fax: (310) 206-5219 email:...

BACKGROUND Personal mobile phones and other personal communication devices (smartphones and tablet computers) provide users with an ever-increasing number and diversity of non-work-related activities while at work. In hospitals, where the vigilance of health care workers is essential for patient care, the potential distraction of these devices could be hazardous to patients. OBJECTIVE The obj...

Michael Ghil, Mickaël D. Chekroun and Dmitri Kondrashov Dept. of Atmospheric & Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 603 Charles E. Young Dr., East, 3845 Slichter Hall Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567 Ghil phone: (310) 825-1038 fax: (310) 206-5219 email:[email protected] Chekroun phone: (310) 825-1038 fax: (310) 206-5219 email:...

Hidden Markov Models need a large set of parameters which are induced from a text-corpus. The parameters should be optimal in the sense that resulting models assign high probabilities to seen training data. There are several methods to estimate model parameters. The first one is to use each word as a state and estimate the probabilities using the relative frequencies. The second method is a var...

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 1. Psychotropic Drugs as a Risk Factor for Hip Fracture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826 2. Methodological Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...