conclusions these data suggest that single bilateral microinjection of aβ (25-35) could impair memory and can be used as an ad model in wistar rats. results the results showed that aβ (25-35) significantly impaired both step-through latency and time in dark compartment in the passive avoidance task. background alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common form of dementia that leads to neurotoxic...

alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects regions of the brain that control cognition, memory, language, speech and awareness to one’s physical surroundings. the pathological initiation and progression of ad is highly complex and its prevalence is on the rise. in his study, alzheimer's disease was induced with single injection of amyloid-β (aβ) pepti...

INTRODUCTION In Alzheimer's disease, accumulation and pathological aggregation of amyloid β-peptide is accompanied by the induction of complex immune responses, which have been attributed both beneficial and detrimental properties. Such responses implicate various cell types of the innate and adaptive arm of the immunesystem, both inside the central nervous system, and in the periphery. To inve...

Autophagy, a major degradative pathway for proteins and organelles, is essential for survival of mature neurons. Extensive autophagic-lysosomal pathology in Alzheimer's disease brain contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we identified and characterized marked intraneuronal amyloid-β peptide/amyloid and lysosomal system...

The amyloid-β lowering capacity of anti-Aβ antibodies has been demonstrated in transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in AD patients. While the mechanism of immunotherapeutic amyloid-β removal is controversial, antibody-mediated sequestration of peripheral Aβ versus microglial phagocytic activity and disassembly of cerebral amyloid (or a combination thereof) has been proposed. For su...

Recent advances in the understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis have led to the development of numerous compounds that might modify the disease process. Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide represents an important molecular target for intervention in Alzheimer's disease. Several types of Aβ peptide immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease are under investigation, direct immunization with synthetic inta...

Interactions of 3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxybiphenyl (BPT) and three isomeric 3,3",4,4"-tetrahydroxyterphenyls (OTT, MTT, PTT) with Alzheimer’s amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) were studied by molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking. Structural parameters such as Root-mean-square derivations (RMSD), radial distribution function (RDF), helix percentage and other physical parameters were obtained. Th...

Only palliative therapeutic options exist for the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease; no new successful drug candidates have been developed in over 15 years. The widely used clinical anticoagulant heparin has reported to exert beneficial effects through multiple pathophysiological pathways involved aetiology Disease, example, amyloid peptide production and clearance, tau phosphorylation, inflamma...

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid β peptide in the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that amyloid β peptide injures neurons both directly and indirectly by triggering neurotoxic innate immune responses. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 is the key signalling molecule downstream to most innate immune receptors crucial in inflammatory activation. For this...