ôbjective: to assess the prevalence of opioid abuse in a sample of male population in shiraz, ïran. methods: â representative sample of 1219 subjects (aged 16 years or older) who were referred for urine opioid screen (üôs) as a mandatory test before marriage in shiraz in 2005 were enrolled in this study. results: mean age of the participants was 26.17 years (sd=6.12), ranging from 16 to 75 year...

KoopeEtive SysFole ee*ährn benuLaßpezifilche HjUen in Slocks u€rionen. Drs sind Siruatjonen tn denen ein ftoblenldser mir seinem Domdnenwssen m ds prcblerüötung nichr mehr wen€r ko6mt. Diese Hilfetr emöglichen die Wissenserweitenng des Benürzers, so daß ; die St@kituation auf der Basis der Hilfon Dnd schw&her donä!€nunslezifischer Heurisliken üb€rwin.ten kann. Wn stel, lei eine kognitiv€ Wissen...

Çalışmamızda geçici üriner kateterizasyon uygulanan hastalarda kateter içi ve eş zamanlı idrar örneği alınarak lümeninde idrarda mikroorganizma kolonizasyonunun araştırılması olası risk faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma Uygulama Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi, Üroloji, Ortopedi Travmatoloji, Kadın Hastalıkları Doğum kliniklerind...

ôbjective: substance use, especially among young generation, is a public health concern. the aim of the current study was to explore the interrelation between certain variables including demographic characteristics and family history of drug abuse and history of depression among ïranian üniversity students. methods: ïn a cross-sectional study, 843 college students of the âzad üniversity of torb...

ôbjective: ït is well known that tobacco smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. üse of smokeless tobacco such as paan, nass, gutka, and tumbaku is common in south and southeast âsia but not in ïran, where it is not considered as a normal cultural habit. methods: â cross-sectional study was carried out in five colleges of sistan baloochestan, the southeastern province o...

ôbjective: to investigate the pharmacokinetics (pk) and pk- pharmacodynamic (pd) relationship of methadone in a cohort of outpatients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (mmt). methods: sixty male patients undergoing mmt with a mean ±sd methadone daily dosage of 58 ± 34 mg were enrolled in this study. â 5-ml blood sample was collected before the daily intake of methadone. âs a pd measure...

Integrated policy analysis aims at providing tools for harmonizing conflicts among individuals, groups, goals of interests in society. Harmonized planning strategies for a diversified system require methods for the resolution of conflicts arising from the interdependence between the components of the system at hand. Hence, integrated policy methods should try to identify feasible states of a sy...