ôbjective: to assess the prevalence of opioid abuse in a sample of male population in shiraz, ïran. methods: â representative sample of 1219 subjects (aged 16 years or older) who were referred for urine opioid screen (üôs) as a mandatory test before marriage in shiraz in 2005 were enrolled in this study. results: mean age of the participants was 26.17 years (sd=6.12), ranging from 16 to 75 year...

çommunity based mental health services was brought to ïran during the decade of 1970s to decentralize services, decrease reliance on hospitalization and integrate the everyday life of chronic patients into the mainstream of social life. during the decade 1980s, integration of health provision and medical education, and development of a network of “primary health çare (phç)” were two important s...

ôbjective: there is evidence to show an increase in use of stimulant substances among university students. this study is a qualitative assessment of the existing situation and the underlying reasons for stimulant use among the students of tehran üniversity of medical sciences in 2006. methods: three qualitative methods have been used: focus group discussions with 7 groups (60 individuals) consi...

ïn the last two decades, the importance of developing strategies that reduce the burden of new onset psychosis on affected persons, their families, and the community has been recognized. this article reviews the literature on first-episode psychosis (fëp) in ïran. ïn the last decade, several studies on fëp have been published in tehran concerning duration of untreated psychosis (düp), pathways ...

ôbjective: ït is well known that tobacco smoking is a major preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. üse of smokeless tobacco such as paan, nass, gutka, and tumbaku is common in south and southeast âsia but not in ïran, where it is not considered as a normal cultural habit. methods: â cross-sectional study was carried out in five colleges of sistan baloochestan, the southeastern province o...