Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) can cause systemic inflammatory syndromes and acute death in specific-pathogen-free chickens within 72 h. However, the subtle mechanism of these severe inflammatory responses has been unsatisfactorily resolved until now. This study determined the kinetics of mast cells, tryptase, eosinophilic major basic protein, and eotaxin expression in s...

Infectious bursal disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), an immunosuppressive virus that targets immune cells such as B cells and macrophages. However, the involvement of dendritic cells (DCs) during IBDV infection is not well understood. In this study the in vitro effects of live and inactivated very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) UPM0081 on bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DC) were c...

In this study, the possibility that dogs could eventually be carriers of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) after having eaten (voluntarily or accidentally) IBDV-infected chicks has been evaluated. A single Beagle dog was fed chicks infected by a very virulent IBDV strain (vvIBDV). Afterwards, the presence and viability of IBDV in the faeces was assessed. Viable vvIBDV was detected in the d...

Many recent outbreaks of infectious bursal disease in commercial chicken flocks worldwide are due to the spread of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). The molecular determinants for the enhanced virulence of vvIBDV compared to classical IBDV are unknown. The lack of a reverse genetics system to rescue vvIBDV from its cloned cDNA hampers the identification and stud...

BACKGROUND Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) induces immunosuppression and inflammation in young birds, which subsequently leads to high mortality. In addition, infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the leading causes of vaccine failure on farms. Therefore, understanding the immunopathogenesis of IBDV in both the spleen and the bursae could help effective vaccine develo...

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a birnavirus causing immunosuppressive disease in chickens. Emergence of the very virulent form of IBDV (vvIBDV) in the late 1980s dramatically changed the epidemiology of the disease. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic origins of its genome segments and estimated the time of emergence of their most recent common ancestors. Moreover, with r...

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide. Very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains have emerged and induce as much as 60% mortality. The molecular basis for vvIBDV pathogenicity is not understood, and the relative contributions of the two genome segments, A and B, to this phenomenon are not known. Isolate 94432 has been shown previously ...

This study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Antox® and Bactofort® on clinico-pathological changes in ISA Brown chicks inoculated with a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Two hundred (200) day-old were randomly assigned into four groups (A to D) 50 birds each. Groups A, B administered Antox®, Bactofort®, respectively from 42 days age, vvIBDV at 28 age. C, D served as p...

BACKGROUND Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a highly contagious and acute viral disease, which has caused high mortality rates in birds and considerable economic losses in different parts of the world for more than two decades and it still represents a considerable threat to poultry. The current study was designed to rigorously measure the reliability of a phylogenetic marker included into se...

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide. The emergence of very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) has brought more challenges for effective prevention of this disease. The molecular basis for the virulence of vvIBDV is not fully understood. In this study, 20 IBDV strains were analysed phylogenically and clustered in three branches based on the...