having briefly been reviewed the historical process of changing the formulae for determining the times of islamic prayers, two newly found formulae and a new rule for establishing the times of prayers would be discussed. these matters have been exploited from four texts, still preserved as manuscript: (1) siyyid ¾?y? al-d?n sh?shtar?’s ¼ad b?b dar macrifa al-a½??rl?b, (2) b?r?n?’s ’ist?c?b f? c...

How infants learn language is one of the great scientific questions of our time. While traditional nativist views of language development rely on predetermined, innate modules to explain the infant’s ability to acquire complex language systems in a short amount of time, learning perspectives have more recently turned to domain-general processes to explain this phenomenon. As it turns out, there...

We thank Tomao et al for their comments on our recent report on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in the Suppression of Ovarian Function Suppression Trial (SOFT). When SOFTwas designed more than a decade ago to investigate the role of ovarian function suppression (OFS) and the role of exemestane in premenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer either after completion of (neo)...

abd al-rah?m?n al-s??f? is a well-known astronomer who has some works in astronomy, mathematics and alchemy. the importance of his s?uwar al-kaw?kib (book about the constellations) caused that researchers don’t practice his other works. four treatises on astrolabe are ascribed to al-s??f?, any one of them is in persian. attribution of the three arabic treatises among these four to him is certai...