The semantics of the times macro is given in [2] only for the case when the body of the macro is parahalting. We remedy this by defining a new times macro instruction in terms of while (see [9, 13]). The semantics of the new times macro is given in a way analogous to the semantics of while macros. The new times uses an anonymous variable to control the number of its executions. We present two e...

The hydraulics of steep mountain streams differ from lower gradient rivers due to shallow and rough flows, energetic subsurface flow, and macro-scale form drag from immobile boulders and channel and bed forms. Heightened flow resistance and reduced sediment transport rates in steep streams are commonly attributed to macro-scale form drag; however, little work has explored steep river hydrodynam...

Soil organic matter contains fractions that range from very active to passive, relative to microbiological activity Soil organic matter (SOM) contains fractions that range from very (Schimel et al., 1985), suggesting that classification of active to passive, relative to microbial-driven ecosystem processes and functions. A classification system is needed that can test the hypothesis SOM forms m...

Conventional material removal of BK7 optical glass will normally result in brittle fracture at the surface, generating severe subsurface damage and poor surface finish. Subsurface damages induced by grinding strongly influence the mechanical strength and optical quality of optical glasses. However, through ductile mode grinding it is possible to reduce the surface and subsurface cracks. It is m...

Imagine placing a receiver at any location in the Earth and recording the response at that location to sources on the surface. In such a world, we could place receivers around our reservoir to better image the reservoir and understand its properties. Realistically, this is not a feasible approach for understanding the subsurface. Here, we present an alternative and realizable approach to obtain...

Conventional material removal of BK7 optical glass will normally result in brittle fracture at the surface, generating severe subsurface damage and poor surface finish. Subsurface damages induced by grinding strongly influence the mechanical strength and optical quality of optical glasses. However, through ductile mode grinding it is possible to reduce the surface and subsurface cracks. It is m...