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تعداد نتایج: 10363662 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
In tropospheric chemistry, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is deemed an end product. Here, on the basis of new evidence, we make the case that SOA is a key reactive intermediate. We present laboratory results on the catalysis by carboxylate anions of the disproportionation of NO2 'on water': 2NO2 + H2O = HONO + NO(9-) + H+ (R1), and supporting quantum chemical calculations, which we apply to re...
Concerns about the health effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and its role in forming deleterious atmospheric species have made it desirable to have low-cost, sensitive ambient measurements of NO2. We have developed a continuous-wave laser-diode laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) system for NO2 that operates at ambient pressure, thereby eliminating the need for an expensive pumping system. The curr...
A total of 345 shipyard workers (aged 23 to 47) volunteered to perform progressive exercise on a cycle ergometer (15 W/min increments) up to the symptom limited maximum. The results were used to obtain maximal oxygen uptake (nO2 max), the oxygen uptake at a respiratory exchange ratio of unity (nO2 at R1.0), and cardiac frequency at an oxygen uptake of 45 mmol/min (fC45). In this group 156 men (...
Authotrophic denitrification with sulphide using nitrate (R1) and nitrite (R2) as electron acceptor were investigated at bench scale. Different SRT (5 and 20 d) have been tested in R1 while R2 was operated at SRT = 13 d. The results indicated that the process allows to achieve complete sulphide removal in all testes conditions. Tested sulphide loads were estimated form the H2S produced in a pil...
While the pulmonary toxicity of NO2 is clearly established, the mechanism by which it is removed from inspired air is poorly understood. Uptake is most likely dependent on chemical reaction since, despite limited per se gaseous NO2 aqueous solubility, uptake proceeds rapidly without ready saturation. We utilized an isolated perfused rat lung model to characterize the effect of dose rate on upta...
BACKGROUND Land use regression (LUR) models have been developed mostly to explain intraurban variations in air pollution based on often small local monitoring campaigns. Transferability of LUR models from city to city has been investigated, but little is known about the performance of models based on large numbers of monitoring sites covering a large area. OBJECTIVES We aimed to develop Europ...
Air pollution exposure has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of specific cancers. This study investigated whether the number and incidence of the most common cancers in Saudi Arabia were associated with urban air pollution exposure, specifically NO2. Overall, high model goodness of fit (GOF) was observed in the Eastern, Riyadh and Makkah regions. The significant coefficients of...
Hyperglycemia has been causally linked to vascular and glomerular dysfunction by a variety of biochemical mechanisms, including a glucose-dependent abnormality in nitric oxide (NO) production and action. NO is a candidate for mediating hyperfiltration and the increased vascular permeability induced by diabetes. Serum nitrite and nitrate (NO2-+ NO3-) concentrations were assessed as an index of N...
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies have examined the associations between air pollution and birth outcomes. Regulatory air quality monitors often used in these studies, however, were spatially sparse and unable to capture relevant within-city variation in exposure during pregnancy. METHODS This study developed two-week average exposure estimates for fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen ...
Water extract of respirable particulate matter (RPM) was analyzed by Ion chromatography technique to investigate the presence of nitrite (NO2) as secondary aerosol in ambient environment. The nitrite particulates undergo photo hydroxyl radical reaction in environment produce nitrous acid, which reacts with metal and absorbs on RPM as water-soluble metal salt. The mean concentration of nitrite w...
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