This paper will examine differences in the roles played in the practice of surgery by males and females associated with the Barber-Surgeons Company in seventeenth-century London. It will also look at the ecclesiastical licensing process as it related to the licensing of male and female surgeons.1 The evidence will show that gender differences in both the guild and ecclesiastical routes to becom...

This journal, which was started to supply a want, has proved to be a great success. Religion and Art have been connected in all ages. There is nothing sectarian in the objects of the journal, and the current number contains a valuable article on " Relics of Religious Art in India." The following extract from a paper on " How we Bury our Dead " contains some excellent sanitary observations:?" Qu...

On the one hand, in his Ecclesiastical History, Sozomen presented qualities of ruler he held high esteem – Theodosius II; on other, listed characteristics ascetics admired, new sages, living view according to principles best philosophy. Interestingly, this presentation, applied an almost identical set virtues that attributed both rulers and monks. In cases equated piety with wisdom made them mo...

This article is a study of the Edinburgh-based anti-Catholic organisation, Scottish Reformation Society, in immediate aftermath 1850 restoration Roman Catholic hierarchy England and Wales, commonly known at time as papal aggression. The aggression sent shockwaves throughout was viewed by Protestants an illegal attempt to overthrow Britain's civil religious liberties Pope Pius IX. Despite practi...

The "Christianization" of the home is taken up here by examining the specific problem of Christian ritual and ritual spaces on the rural estate. It is argued that most worship in rural villas took place outside ecclesiastical supervision or intervention, and instead was shaped by older seigniorial hierarchies. It was this particular sociology of worship that brought domestic worship under episc...

The subject-matter of this study is liturgical law in the Czech lands Middle Ages, i.e. Great Moravia, Duchy Bohemia, and Kingdom Bohemia. Liturgical was shaped by decrees popes, ecumenical councils, Decretum Gratiani, collections decrees. ordinances metropolitan diocesan bishop or statutes a monastic order played role at particular church level. customs cathedral are summarised agenda force wi...