Oregon's land-use planning program is often cited as an exemplary approach to forest and farmland conservation, but analyses of its effectiveness are limited. This article examines Oregon's land-use planning program using detailed spatial data describing building densities in western Oregon. An empirical model describes changes in building densities on forest and agricultural lands from 1974 to...

This paper examines the effects of environmental zoning policies on lakefront land development, sorting, and economic welfare in a model where agents are heterogeneous in preferences and income. Agents consume lakefront amenities that are endogenous to development and the sorting process yields lakes which differ by amenities and frontage prices. Our findings include the following: i) lakes bec...

Large earthquakes occur in rocks undergoing high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphism during subduction. Rhythmic major-element zoning in garnet is a common product of such metamorphism, and one that must record a fundamental subduction process. We argue that rhythmic major-element zoning in subduction zone garnets from the Franciscan Complex, California, developed in response to growth-dissol...

A Maglev system was modeled by the exact feedback linearization to achieve two same linear subsystems. The proportional-integral-differential controllers (PID) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with four different inertia weights were then used to regulate both linear subsystems. These different inertia weights were Fixed Inertia Weight (FIW), Linear Descend Inertia Weight (L...

Pathway Interaction Database (PID) (http://pid.nci.nih.gov/) provides interaction data of pathways in several formats (XML and BioPAX). Here we parsed the PID XML format data (ftp://ftp1.nci.nih.gov/pub/PID/XML/). Data stored in PID XML file can be divided into four levels: pathway level, interaction level, node level and gene/compound level. The relationship between four levels is visualized i...

Our objective is to apply the fractional PID controller to enhance the system control performances. Unlike Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, there is no systematic and yet rigor design or tuning method existing for this PID controller. In this paper a method to design PID controller is presented. The basic ideas of the tuning method are based, in the first place, on the convent...

Observation of social and economic trends (falling population in the inner city of Paris, increased commuter flows between the centre and the suburbs, and demand for local ticket prices) has led the Syndicat des Transports Parisiens (STP, the Paris transport authority) to re -examine the ticket price system as it is today. Reform of this system will involve a great many stakeholders in the tran...

Editorial Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most important complication of sexually transmitted chlamydial infections, causing major medical, social, and economic problems. PID is an ascending infection, with well over half of the cases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), or both. However, other microorganisms representing abnormal vaginal flora, such as tho...

This article presents the experimental results when comparing the Controllers PID Classic, Nonlinear PID and Fuzzy Gain Scheduling PID used in position controllers, for the tuning of the Classical PID was used the second method

In this study, trajectory control of the Variable Loaded Servo (VLS) system is performed by using a Fuzzy Logic based Iterative Learning Control (ILC) method. In the study, a Iterative Learning PID (IL-PID) Controller is used as the iterative learning control structure. Also, a fuzzy adjustment mechanism has been added to the control system for specify the initial parameter of the IL-PID contro...