Oil shale is more than an energy source. It is also a source for various valuable materials. These materials include pyridine, carbonate minerals, alumina, ammonium sulfate, phosphate, sulfur, uranium, vanadium, and zinc, to name a few, from which numerous value-added products can be manufactured. For example, catalysts are made from vanadium and zinc, while alumina is a widely used material fo...

cementation of alloy-based restorations with traditional cements (e.g., glass-ionomer, resin-modified glass-ionomer, zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate) to bonding of all ceramic restorations with resin based cements. With the increasing demand for high-end esthetic treatments for anterior teeth restorations, the need for a good esthetic cementation system comes into play in modern day dentis...

A variety of luting cements are available for use with orthodontic bands. This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the force required to cause debanding when zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements are used as the luting agents; and to determine whether sandblasting the inner surface of orthodontic bands affects the force required to deband. The data were obtained by deba...

Purpose: Scientific data on wear from toothbrushing of luting cements for fixed partial dentures (FPDs) are limited and inconsistent, therefore the study aimed: (1) to investigate the effect of marginal gap width on cement wear and (2) to compare the resistance to wear from toothbrushing of five luting materials in an in vitro model. Materials and Methods: one zinc phosphate cement (ZPC), glass...

The selection of an appropriate luting agent for final cementation of fixed restorations is no longer an easy decision. The numerous materials from which restorations can be fabricated demand a thorough knowledge of not only the material(s) they are made of but also knowledge of the properties of luting agents. No longer can zinc phosphate cement be used for all fixed restorations that need cem...

INTRODUCTION The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three types of luting cements used for post cementation on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary premolars, restored with resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred intact single-rooted human maxillary premolars were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 each. In groups 2-5, post spaces were p...

Purpose: The purpose this study was to investigate the effect of Kern´s air-borne particle abrasion protocol (KAPA) and polishing on two translucent zirconias (4Y, 5Y-zirconias) compared a traditional zirconia (3Y-zirconia). Methods: Two different surface treatments were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) interferometry 1) KAPA (0.1 MPa, 50 ?m alumina, 10-12 mm distance, 15 sec 30 cleaning in ...

Objectives The present study investigated the effect of cements on fracture resistance of monolithic zirconia crowns in relation to their compressive strength. Materials and methods Four different cements were tested: zinc phosphate cement (ZPC), glass-ionomer cement (GIC), self-adhesive resin-based cement (SRC) and resin-based cement (RC). RC was used in both dual cure mode (RC-D) and chemical...

Implant-supported dental prostheses can be retained by a screw or cement. Implant-supported fixed partial dentures have a passive fit. A passive fit means there is an internal gap between the abutment surface and the intaglio of the retainer to insure that there is no lateral pressure on the supporting implants or friction upon seating of the prosthesis. This gap is filled with cement for reten...