that is, the sample covariance matrix of the history of the chain plus a (small) constant ǫ > 0 multiple of the identity matrix I. The lower bound on the eigenvalues of Sn induced by the factor ǫI is theoretically convenient, but practically cumbersome, as a good value for the parameter ǫ may not always be easy to choose. This article considers variants of the AM algorithm that do not explicitl...

ABSTRACT-This paper aims to develop a new design of a bentleg (BL) plow and to determine its performance as compared to the conventional one using finite element approach. The difference between the modified and conventional BL plows is the direction of angle between the projection of cutting blade on horizontal plane normal to plow shank and the line perpendicular to the plow shank in the same...

Closed contours are often better perceived than those not fully enclosing an area, i.e., open contours. This facilitation of contour integration by closure, however, has been questioned arguing that in earlier studies closed contours were often "smoother" than open ones, because open contours usually had turning points. To solve this controversy, we compared detection performance for closed cir...

We study two dimensional path integral Lefschetz thimbles, i.e. the possible integration contours. Specifically, in examples of O(N) and $$\mathbb{C}{{\mathbb{P}}^{{N - 1}}}$$ models, we find a large class complex critical points sigma model actions which are relevant for theory finite volume at temperature, with various chemical potentials corresponding to symmetries models. In this paper disc...

The goal of this study was to characterize errors involved in obtaining midsagittal tongue contours from two-dimensional ultrasound image sequences. Toward that end, two basic experiments were conducted. First, manual tongue contours were obtained from 1,145 tongue ultrasound images recorded from four speakers during production of the sentence ‘I owe you a yoyo’, and the uncertainty associated ...

This paper presents an enhanced human identification method based on matching both the contours of teeth and the shapes of dental works (DWs) using bitewing radiographs. To reduce teeth matching error due to unsatisfactory alignment of two incomplete tooth contours, we propose an enhanced contour alignment by pruning the outliers from both contours after they are aligned with the original conto...

Equal-loudness-level contours provide the foundation for theoretical and practical analyses of intensity-frequency characteristics of auditory systems. Since 1956 equal-loudness-level contours based on the free-field measurements of Robinson and Dadson [Br. J. Appl. Phys. 7, 166-181 (1956)] have been widely accepted. However, in 1987 some questions about the general applicability of these conto...

PURPOSE: Segmented structures such as targets or organs at risk are typically stored as 2D contours contained on evenly spaced cross sectional images (slices). Contour interpolation algorithms are implemented in radiation oncology treatment planning software to turn 2D contours into a 3D surface, however the results differ between algorithms, causing discrepancies in analysis. Our goal was to c...