By treating laser-induced optical Kerr nonlinearity as a noninstantaneous decaying process, we present the pulse-duration-dependent Z-scan analytical expressions for an arbitrary aperture and an arbitrary nonlinear magnitude. This theory has the capacity to characterize the third-order nonlinear refraction induced by a laser pulse with its temporal duration being much longer than or comparable ...

The U.S. Hi-Lumi LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (AUP) and CERN have joined efforts to develop high field quadrupoles for the upgrade. US national laboratories in AUP project will deliver 10 magnets each cryostat has two 4.2 m gradient it. These are made of Nb3Sn conductors, with large aperture (150 mm) integrated 556.9 T. This paper reports on magnetic measurements performed during vertical te...

Optical nonlinearities of periodically poled LiNbO(3) crystals were investigated by the single beam Z-scan technique with a continuous wave (cw) laser beam at 532 nm. The nonlinear optical absorption coefficient and refractive index change are determined to be 8.1 x 10(-6) cm/W and 2.6 x 10(-4) at 0.5 MW/cm(2) light intensity, respectively. Both sign and magnitude of the measured refractive non...