In May 2003, an outbreak of fatal hemorrhagic fever, caused by yellow fever virus, occurred in southern Sudan. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus belonged to the East African genotype, which supports the contention that yellow fever is endemic in East Africa with the potential to cause large outbreaks in humans.

It shows him in his Public Health Service uniform sometime after 1915, when he attained the rank of Assistant Surgeon General. Carter was a quarantine officer and a field epidemiologist, best known for his discovery in 1898 of the extrinsic incubation period of yellow fever. His discovery led directly to the historic finding by Reed, Carroll, Agra-monte, and Lazear in 1900 that mosquitoes are t...

BACKGROUND Cameroon is one of 12 African countries that bear most of the global burden of yellow fever. In 2002 the country developed a five-year strategic plan for yellow fever control, which included strategies for prevention as well as rapid detection and response to outbreaks when they occur. We have used data collected by the national Expanded Programme on Immunisation to assess the progre...

Binary combinations of the N-nucleoside ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) and the C-nucleoside analog selenazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylselenazole-4-carboxamide) or tiazofurin (2-beta-D-ribofuranosylthiazole-4-carboxamide) were tested in vitro for activity against Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, Japanese encephalitis, yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Korean...

485 Vol. 7, No. 3, May–June 2001 Emerging Infectious Diseases References 1. Barros MLB, Boecken G. Jungle yellow fever in central Amazon. Lancet 1996;348:969. 2. Ministry of Health. Notified cases of yellow fever by state, Brazil. Brasilia: National Epidemiology Center; 2000. 3. Vasconcelos PFC, Rodrigues SG, Degalier N, Moraes MAP, Rosa JFST, Rosa EST, et al. An epidemic of sylvatic yellow fev...

MARGARET HUMPHREYS, Yellow fever and the South, Health and Medicine in American Society series, New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press, 1992, pp. x, 226, $45.00 (0-81351820-2). Histories of public health tend to avoid detailed analysis of the origins and context of public health reform, and histories of specific diseases often fail to see their subject in a wider economic and political set...

BACKGROUND Following an outbreak of yellow fever in northern Uganda in December 2010, Ministry of Health conducted a massive emergency vaccination campaign in January 2011. The reported vaccination coverage in Pader District was 75.9%. Administrative coverage though timely, is affected by incorrect population estimates and over or under reporting of vaccination doses administered. This paper pr...

background: current who best infection control practices for injections do not address the use of hub cutters due to insufficient evidence on safety and efficacy. objective: to assess the impact of the use of hub cutters on 1) the frequency of needle-stick injuries (nsis) and other blood exposures among workers and 2) the volume of sharps waste in a mass vaccination campaign setting. methods: d...

Letters tion centers in Lagos was fully potent, but potency in Osun and Oyo was 016 log 10 to 0.22 log 10 lower than the stipulated level (2). Furthermore, the titer of two vaccine lots that had been frozen after reconstitution from their lyophilized state dropped from the initial 3.15 log 10 to 3.53 log 10 to zero. If the United States were to implement an extended strategy, similar studies of...