probiotics are defined as living microorganisms with beneficial effects on the host. probiotics, according to the least negative effect on the body, are considered as a good alternative to chemical drugs. lactobacillus acidophilus is used as a probiotic that is able to reduce cholesterol level in the blood. the effect of various concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus for enhancing th...

Yeasts are easily grown unicellular eukaryotes. They are ubiquitous microorganisms, occuring in soil, fresh and marine water, animals, on plants and also in foods. The environment presents for yeast a source of nutrients and forms space for their growth and metabolism. On the other hand, yeast cells are continuously exposed to a myriad of changes in environmental conditions. These conditions de...

The traditional view on dietary restriction has been challenged with regard to extending lifespan of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. This is because studies have shown that changing the balance of dietary components without reduction of dietary intake can increase lifespan, suggesting that nutrient composition other than dietary restriction play a pivotal role in regulation of longevity....

Fuel ethanol production from plant biomass hydrolysates by the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is of great economic and environmental significance. Costeffective production of ethanol from plant biomass should not only be based on the readily fermentable starch and sucrose fractions of plant carbohydrates, but also on the much more resistant lignocellulosic fractions. The utilization of ...

This study investigated the optimization of D-lactic acid production from unutilized biomass, specifically banana peel and corncob by multiple parallel fermentation (MPF) with Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Aspergillus awamori. The factors involved in MPF that were assessed in this study comprised banana peel and corncob, KH2PO4, Tween 80, MgSO4·7H2O, NaCl, yeast extract, and diammonium hydrogen...

L-phenylalanine was produced by genetically modified bacterium, Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), using glycerol as an alternative carbon source. Response surface methodology (RSM) involving central composite design (CCD) was adopted to evaluate the amount of L-phenylalanine produced. In this work, the optimum concentrations were determined of the major nutrients in the fermentation medium, which inc...

The most important plant species employed in reforestation programs depend on ectomycorrhizal fungi for their establishment and growth. The exploitation of this symbiosis to improve forest productivity requires fungal inoculants in a large scale level. To develop such a technology it is necessary to define the optimal composition of the culture medium for each fungus. With these objectives in m...