Xanthan gum is a biopolymer produced by Xanthomonas sp. XC6. In this study, xanthan gum is produced from potato starch using a stepwise bioprocess design. Potato starch is hydrolyzed using Bacillus sp. having amylase activity and 30.2 g/L reducing sugar was released, while Xanthomonas sp. XC6 can release only 14.5 g/L. Bacillus sp. hydrolyzed potato starch extract was further used as a carbon s...

Xanthomonadins are membrane-bound, brominated, aryl-polyene pigments specific to the genus Xanthomonas. We have characterized a genetic locus (pig) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae which contains four open reading frames (ORFs) that are essential for xanthomonadin production. Three of these ORFs are homologous to acyl carrier proteins, dehydratases, and acyl transferases, suggesting a type II...

background portugal has a strong tradition of conventional western healthcare. so it provides a natural case study for the relationship between complementary/alternative medicine (cam) and western medicine (wm). this work aims to test the relationship between cam and wm users in the diagnosis and treatment stages and to estimate the determinants of cam choice.   methods the forth portuguese nat...

Xanthomonas spp. are Gram-negative bacteria with powerful molecular weapons to attack their plant hosts. Key for pathogenicity of Xanthomonas is a type III secretion system that injects a cocktail of effector proteins into plant cells to function as potent virulence factors. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from Xanthomonas function as transcriptional activators of plant genes in th...

Poly(N-vinyl imidazole) (PVI) has been grafted onto carboxymethyl starch (CMS) in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. Reaction parameters that affect grafting efficiency and percentage grafting such as monomer and initiator concentration, the reaction temperature and time were investigated. The grafted products were characterized by FTIR, thermal analysis, SEM photog...

Xanthan gum is an extra cellular microbial hetero polysaccharide of great commercial importance, secreted by the yellow pigmented bacterium Xanthomonas malvacearum. Polysaccharides are macromolecules with diverse applications in the food, chemical, energy production and pharmaceutical Industries. The nutrient factors influencing the production of Xanthan polymer by Xanthomonas malvacearum isola...

The ISCR elements ISCR3, ISCR4, ISCR5, ISCR14, and ISCR16 all share a percent G+C of 68 to 69%. They also share between 75% and 97% identity in their transposase open reading frames. Furthermore, with the exception of ISCR5, they are all found adjacent to sections of groEL that display the highest identity to the same gene from Xanthomonas spp. The combined information is consistent with the de...