Security of a watermark refers to its resistance to unauthorized detecting and decoding, while watermark robustness refers to the watermark’s resistance against common processing. Many watermarking schemes emphasize robustness more than security. However, a robust watermark is not enough to accomplish protection because the range of hostile attacks is not limited to common processing and distor...

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) is an undifferantiated carcinoma, which occurs in the organs that exclude nasopharynx, has the same morphologic features with nasofarengeal lymphoepithelioma. LELC has been described in several organs however it is rarely seen in the breast. Due to the undifferentiated appearance of neoplastic cells and the presence of prominent lymphocytic infiltrate, LE...

Post-decision activities have not had enough research within the decision making cycle. Perhaps they have been considered trivial or not meaningful in the past. However, without an appropriate follow-up, important decisions made in the previous phase may get lost or be implemented wrongly. This paper describes a computer-based support for decision implementation activities. The support includes...

Postmeeting activities have not had enough research within the decision-making cycle. Perhaps they have been considered trivial or not meaningful in the past. However, without an appropriate follow-up, important decisions made in the previous phase may get lost or be implemented wrongly. This paper proposes computer-based support for postmeeting activities. The support includes the correspondin...

The name of the author Anna Maria Ierardi was rendered wrongly in the original publication but has since been corrected. The publisher apologises for this error and the inconvenience caused.

Physiotherapy is an important component for injury recovery. Progressive exercises can help in facilitating recovery when executed correctly, but it can cause damaging effects when done wrongly. However, not all patients are able to make it to the hospital every time due to reasons such as post-surgery immobility. This study introduces a self-served physiotherapy system for wrist exercises (i.e...

Host-pathogen models are essential for designing strategies for managing disease threats to humans, wild animals and domestic animals. The behaviour of these models is greatly affected by the way in which transmission between infected and susceptible hosts is modelled. Since host-pathogen models were first developed at the beginning of the 20th century, the 'mass action' assumption has almost a...

Governments are charged with monitoring citizens’ compliance with prescribed behavioral standards and punishing noncompliance. Flaws in information available to enforcing agents, however, may lead to subsequent enforcement errors, eroding government authority and undermining incentives for compliance. We explore these concepts in a laboratory experiment. A “monitor” makes punishment decisions a...

Consciousness tends to be viewed either as subjective experience of sensations and feelings, or as perception and internal representation of objects. This paper argues that neither view sufficiently acknowledges that consciousness may refer to the brain's most adaptive property: its capacity to produce states of objectivity. It is proposed that this capacity relies on multiple sensorimotor netw...