Potato genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) were expressed in response to pathogen, elicitor, and wounding. HMGR catalyzes the rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis leading to accumulation of phytoalexins and steroid glycoalkaloids. Wounding caused increases in HMGR mRNA levels. A rapid and transient peak occurred 30 minutes after wounding, followed by a...

The incidence of bullet wounds in civilian trauma has increased in many parts of the world, sometimes approaching epidemic level. For surgeons with limited experience there is a bewildering range of apparently contradictory advice on management. An attempt to clarify this for gunshot injuries of the limbs, without major vascular injury, must include current concepts of ballistic wounding, the p...

After mechanical wounding, callus tissue and tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts (TRDs) are formed in many conifer species. This reaction can be used to date past events of geomorphic processes such as rockfall, debris flow and snow avalanches. However, only few points are known about the tangential spread or the timing of callus tissue and TRD formation after wounding. We analyzed 19 Lari...

The effect of wounding on the uptake of Sso labeled amino acids by leucocytes of the blood was studied. Although a significant increase in the rate of uptake of cystine was observed after wounding, there appeared to be no effect on the incorporation of methionine. The effect was most pronounced on the third day after wounding; by the seventh day, the uptake of cystine had returned almost to the...

Wounding by incision was a promoting stimulus in mouse skin previously initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz-(a)anthracene. Skin massage elicited a marked proliferative response in skin but was not a promoting stimulus. Wounding mouse skin, either by multiple scalpel incisions or by stripping with silicon carbide paper, led to a marked induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity. In both instances...

Tubers of a common tetraploid species of Solanum tuberosum (Granola) were mechanically wounded by slicing. After 18 hr only small differences were detectable in the pattern of the steady-state protein extracted from wounded versus unwounded tubers. In contrast the protein pattern obtained by in vitro translation of mRNA isolated from wounded and unwounded tubers differed significantly. A cDNA l...

Mechanical injury in plants induces responses that are involved not only in healing but also in defense against a potential pathogen. To understand the intracellular signaling mechanism of wounding, we have investigated the involvement of protein kinases. Using specific antibodies, we showed that wounding alfalfa leaves specifically induces the transient activation of the p44MMK4 kinase, which ...

A wounded gene WI12 was used as a marker to examine the interaction between biotic stress (wounding) and abiotic stress (high salt) in the facultative halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). The deduced WI12 amino acid sequence has 68% similarity to WUN1, a known potato (Solanum tuberosum) wound-induced protein. Wounding, methyl jasmonate, and pathogen infection induced local WI12 ...

In a wild tobacco plant, Nicotiana attenuata, two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK), play central roles in modulating herbivory-induced phytohormone and anti-herbivore secondary metabolites. However, the identities of their upstream MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) were elusive. Ectopic overexpression studies in ...

The C. elegans epidermis and cuticle form a simple yet sophisticated skin layer that can repair localized damage resulting from wounding. Studies of wound responses and repair in this model have illuminated our understanding of the cytoskeletal and genomic responses to tissue damage. The two most commonly used methods to wound the C. elegans adult skin are pricks with microinjection needles, an...